2008-2017年武汉市学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological analysis on public health emergencies in school of Wuhan from 2008 to 2017

作　　者：汪鹏[1] 张靖[1] 孔德广[1] 杨小兵[1] WANG Peng;ZHANG Jin;KONG De-guang;YANG Xiao-bing(Wuhan Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Wuhan,Hubei 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第14期2638-2641,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的对武汉市2008-2017年的学校突发公共卫生事件流行病学特征进行分析,为学校突发公共卫生事件防控提供科学依据。方法通过国家“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”,收集整理2008-2017年武汉市网络直报的学校突发公共卫生事件信息,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析。结果2008-2017年,武汉市共报告学校突发公共卫生事件73起,以传染病疫情事件为主,占97.26%(71/73),排在前5位的传染病事件分别为水痘24起,流行性感冒12起,风疹11起,流行性腮腺炎8起,其他感染性腹泻7起。高峰呈双峰分布,主要发生在3-6月(43.84%,32/73)和9-12月(45.21%,33/73)。发生场所以小学为主,占47.95%(35/73)。首发病例发病与疫情报告的时间间隔中位数为8d,疫情持续时间中位数为32d,首发病例发病时间到采取措施的时间间隔与疫情的持续时间呈正相关,疫情报告的时间越晚,疫情的持续时间越长。结论小学是学校突发公共卫生事件发生的主要场所,以传染病疫情为主。应加强预防接种、症状监测和健康教育等措施以预防控制学校突发公共卫生事件。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of public health emergencies in school of Wuhan city from 2008 to 2017, provide a basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods The data of public health emergencies was collected from National Public Health Emergency Reporting System, then the data was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 73 school public health emergencies were reported from 2008 to 2017, including 71 infectious disease events (97.26%, 71/73), the top five were varicella (24), influenza (12), rubella (11), mumps (8) and viral infections diarrhea (7). The incidence peaks of school public health emergencies were from March to June (43.84%, 32/73) and September to December (45.21%, 33/73), and were mainly occurred in primary school (47.95%, 35/73). The medians of the interval between the first case onset to the reporting and the duration of the outbreaks were 8 days and 32 days, respectively, which were positively correlated. Conclusion The primary school was the high incidence place of school public health emergencies, especially infectious events. Measures such as vaccination, symptom monitoring and health education should be strengthen to prevent and control the school public health emergencies.

关 键 词：学校 传染病 突发公共卫生事件 流行病学 

分 类 号：R181.22[医药卫生—流行病学]