‘鸡爪绵’实生砧木嫁接不同核桃品种生长与结果比较分析  

Comparative Analysis on Growth and Fruiting of Different Walnut Varieties Grafted on ‘Jizhuamian’ Rootstock

作　　者：赵登超[1] 舒秀阁 梁静[1] 刘丙花[1] 侯立群[1] 李萍萍 贾明[1] 王小芳[1] 于艳萍 Zhao Dengchao;Shu Xiuge;Liang Jing;Liu Binghua;Hou Liqun;Li Pingping;Jia Ming;Wang Xiaofang;Yu Yanping(Shandong Academy of Forestry,Jinan 250014,China;Shandong Academy of Huiyou Walnut,Jinan 250200,China;Wulian Middle School,Wulian 262300,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省林业科学研究院,山东济南250014 [2]山东汇友核桃研究院,山东济南250200 [3]日照市五莲中学,山东五莲262300

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2019年第7期41-44,47,共5页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省林业科技创新项目(LKCX04-2018-20)

摘　　要：为筛选本地区栽培的核桃品种和嫁接砧木,本试验以‘鸡爪绵’核桃实生苗为砧木分别嫁接元林、绿香和清香3个核桃品种培育良种苗,建立对比试验园,观察并测定不同品种早期生长与结果性状。结果表明,不同核桃品种间树高、冠幅差异不显著,元林的地径、SPAD值显著低于清香和绿香,并在种植第四年出现生长势衰弱现象;绿香的Fo显著高于其它品种,因此更适应光变化,而清香易发生高温高光抑制胁迫;绿香单果率最高,元林双果率最高,元林和绿香产量差异不显著,分别为130.89、101.26kg(666.7m2产量),但均显著高于清香(4.81kg,结果晚),其中元林、绿香达到早实核桃丰产园指标;病果率以元林最高,绿香最低,两者差异显著;坚果外在品质和内含物含量品种间差异不大。综合考虑结果性状、抗病性和早期经济产量,‘鸡爪绵’砧木嫁接绿香核桃后的苗木生长结果习性良好,适宜推广。In order to select suitable walnut varieties and grafting rootstocks for cultivation in Jinan area,Yuanlin, Lüxiang and Qingxiang were used as scion and ‘Jizhuamian’ was used as rootstock to establish the experimental orchard. The early growth and fruiting characteristics of different walnut varieties were investigated.The results showed that there were no significant differences in tree height and crown width among different walnut varieties.The diameter and SPAD values of Yuanlin were significantly lower than those of Qingxiang and Lüxiang,and the growth vigor became weak in the 4th year after planting. Fo of Lüxiang was significantly higher than that of the other varieties, so it was more adaptable to light changes.The Qingxiang walnut was prone to occur high temperature and high light suppression stresses. The single fruit rate of Lüxiang was the highest, the fruit number and double fruit rate of Yuanlin were the highest, and the yield of Yuanlin and Lüxiang walnut had no significant difference as 130.89 kg and 101.26 kg (666.7m 2), respectively,which were significantly higher than that of Qingxiang walnut (4.81 kg). The nuts of Yuanlin and Lüxiang both reached the indexes of early-fruiting and high-yield garden. The disease fruit rate of Yuanlin was the highest, While that of Lüxiang was the lowest, and the difference between them was significant. There were no significant differences in external quality and content of inclusions of nuts among different varieties. Based on the comprehensive evaluation results of fruit traits, disease resistance and early economic output, the seedlings of ‘Jizhuamian’ grafted with Lüxiang had good growth habits and were suitable for popularization.

关 键 词：核桃 品种 砧木 嫁接 生长指标 结果性状 

分 类 号：S662.516[农业科学—果树学]