意大利蜜蜂授粉对柑橘生长发育及品质的影响  

Effects of Apis mellifera Pollination on the Development and Quality of Citrus Fruits

作　　者：高丽娇[1] 姬聪慧[1] 刘佳霖[1] 曹兰[1] 程尚[1] 罗文华[1] GAO Lijiao;JI Conghui;LIU Jialin;CAO Lan;CHENG Shang;LUO Wenhua(Chongqing Academy of Animal Sciences,Chongqing 402460,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市畜牧科学院

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期678-682,共5页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：重庆市农发资金项目(16410);国家现代农业(蜜蜂)产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-44-SYZ14)

摘　　要：【目的】应用意大利蜜蜂(Apis melliferaL.)为柑橘授粉,以研究意大利蜜蜂的传粉行为对柑橘果实生长发育及其品质的影响。【方法】设置蜜蜂授粉组和对照组,观测两组柑橘果实纵、横径生长动态,落果波相及坐果率,检测果实可溶性固形物、总糖、总酸和维生素C含量等指标。【结果】在花谢70d后的发育过程中,授粉组柑橘果实的纵横径均超过对照组(P<0.05)。在落蕾落花期及第1次生理落果期,授粉组落果率(落蕾落花率)显著低于对照组(P<0.05);第2次生理落果期,授粉组与对照组的落果率无显著差异(P>0.05)。经意大利蜜蜂授粉的柑橘果实的维生素C含量、总糖及糖酸比与对照组差异显著(P<0.05),果实单果重显著增加(P<0.05),畸形果率显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】意大利蜜蜂授粉可提高柑橘坐果率、单果重,改善果实品质,降低畸形果率,从而达到增产提质的目的。[Purpose]The effects of pollination by Apis mellifera on citrus fruit development and quality were studied.[Method]The experiment areas of pollination by two different ways, A. mellifera and the control group were set, fruit vertical and horizontal diameter growth dynamic condition, and fruit drop rate of citrus were observed. The content of soluble solid, sugar, acid, vitamin C were measured.[Result]The diameter growth rate of citrus fruit pollinated by A. mellifera was significantly higher than the control group 70 days after flower withering. The fruit drop rate in the pollination group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05) during the falling bud period and the first physiological fruit drop period. But the rate between two groups was not significantly different (P>0.05) in the second physiological fruit drop period. There existed significant difference (P<0.05) in vitamin C content, total sugar and sugar acid ratio between A. mellifera pollination and the control group. Compared with the control group, A. mellifera pollination resulted in higher single fruit weight and lower rate of malformed fruit (P<0.05).[Conclusion]A. mellifera pollination can improve the quality, fruit rate, single fruit weight and reduce the rate of malformed fruit, so as to increase production.

关 键 词：柑橘 意大利蜜蜂 授粉 果实 发育 品质 

分 类 号：S897.3[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]