茶皂素对甘薯小象甲的行为及生长发育的影响  

Effects of Tea Saponin on Behavior, Growth and Development of Cylas formicarius (Fabricius)(Coleoptera: Brentidae)

作　　者：潘如军 唐秀桦[2] 何龙飞[1] 任立云[1] PAN Ru-jun;TANG Xiu-hua;HE Long-fei;REN Li-yun(National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agricultural, Guangxi University, Guangxi Nanning 530004, China;Institute of Economic Crops, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangxi Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西大学农学院植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心,广西南宁530004 [2]广西农业科学院经济作物研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第7期1566-1571,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西薯类创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-11-01);广西科技计划项目(桂科AB16380046);广西科技计划项目(桂科AB18221101)

摘　　要：【目的】拓展茶皂素的抗虫谱,探索其对甘薯小象甲的控制作用,发掘茶皂素作为杀虫剂防治害虫的潜力。【方法】利用Y型嗅觉仪测定甘薯小象甲对茶皂素水溶液的嗅觉忌避率;利用选择性测定法测定甘薯小象甲对茶皂素的取食忌避率;利用非选择性测定法测定甘薯小象甲对茶皂素的拒食率;采用人工饲料饲养法测定甘薯小象甲在茶皂素影响下的发育历期和死亡率。【结果】甘薯小象甲对各浓度茶皂素都没有产生显著的嗅觉趋向,20.0%茶皂素水溶液的嗅觉忌避率仅为9.14%。茶皂素对甘薯小象甲具有取食忌避作用,取食忌避率随茶皂素浓度升高而升高;6 h时,0.5%、1.0%、5.0%、10.0%及20.0%茶皂素对甘薯小象甲的取食忌避率分别为58.14%、77.77%、88.23%、95.00%和97.65%,忌避作用显著,忌避率均比1 h时的高。茶皂素对甘薯小象甲具有显著的拒食作用,饲喂时间越长拒食率越高;72 h时,0.5%、1.0%、5.0%、10.0%及20.0%浓度茶皂素对甘薯小象甲的拒食率分别为63.01%、67.54%、97.14%、96.42%和98.57%。甘薯小象甲各阶段虫态历期都随着茶皂素浓度的升高而缩短,且幼体出现死亡现象;其中在1.0%浓度茶皂素影响下幼体的发育历期最短,与对照相比缩短了4.01 d,且死亡率最高,为26.65%。【结论】茶皂素对甘薯小象甲既没有嗅觉忌避作用,也没有嗅觉引诱作用,但有明显的取食忌避作用和强烈的拒食作用。茶皂素能使甘薯小象甲幼体发育历期缩短,且能导致幼体死亡。【Objective】To expand the insect resistance spectrum of tea saponin, its control effect on Cylas formicarius and the potential as an insecticide for pest control were explored.【Method】The olfactory avoidance rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin aqueous solution was determined by Y-type olfactometer;the feeding avoidance rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin was determined by selective method;the antifeedant rate of C. formicarius to tea saponin was determined by non-selective method;the development duration and mortality rate of C. formicarius under the influence of tea saponin were determined by artificial feeding method.【Result】C. formicariushad no significant olfactory tendency to every concentration oftea saponin, and the olfactoryavoidance rate of 20.0 % tea saponin aqueous solution was only 9.14 %. Tea saponin had feeding avoidance effect on C. formicarius, and the avoidance rate increased with the increase of tea saponin concentration. At 6 hours, the feeding avoidance rates of 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 5.0 %, 10.0 % and 20.0 % tea saponin on the C. formicarius were 58.14 %, 77.77 %, 88.23 %, 95.00 % and 97.65 %, respectively;the feeding avoidance effect of 6 hours was significant, the feeding avoidance rate of which was higher than that of 1 hour. Tea saponin had significant antifeedant effect on C. formicarius, and the longer the feeding time was, the higher the antifeedant rate was. At 72 hours, the antifeedant rates of 0.5 %, 1.0 %, 5.0 %, 10.0 % and 20.0 % tea saponin to C. formicarius were 63.01 %, 67.54 %, 97.14 %, 96.42 % and 98.57 %, respectively. The larval development duration of C. formicarius was shortened with the increase of tea saponin concentration, and the larval death occurred. The development duration of larvae under the influence of 1.0 % tea saponin was the shortest, which was 4.01 days shorter than that of the control, and the mortality rate was the highest, which was 26.65 %.【Conclusion】Tea saponin has neither olfactory avoidance effect nor olfactory attracting effect to C. form

关 键 词：甘薯小象甲 茶皂素 忌避作用 拒食作用 人工饲料法 发育历期 

分 类 号：S435.31[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]