美国大学竞技体育改革的历史轨迹、焦点问题与经验反思  

Historical Track,Focus Issue and Experience Introspection of the Reform of Athletic Sports in American Universities

作　　者：张守伟[1] ZHANG Shouwei(School of Physical Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,Jilin,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学体育学院

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2019年第4期1-9,共9页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：2014年国家社会科学基金一般项目:我国学校竞技体育发展的学理反思与前瞻研究(14BTY089)

摘　　要：运用文献资料法、历史分析法、逻辑分析法,分析美国大学竞技体育改革的历史演进历程,阐明其在萌芽期、初创期、形成期、震荡与调整期、理性回归期等不同历史阶段大学竞技体育组织与管理机制的特征及演变轨迹。剖析美国大学竞技体育改革中突显出的职业化倾向与业余性原则之争、商业化问题之争、管理权限之争、运动员入学学业标准及其大学学术标准之争,种族平等与性别平等之争的缘由及实质。并结合美国学校竞技体育改革与发展的经验与教训,反思和探讨我国学校竞技体育改革应该由谁来改、怎么改、改什么和为什么改等问题。提出我国大学竞技体育改革应确立改革的顶层权威主体,推动大学竞技体育改革的统筹与协同,祛除阻碍大学竞技体育健康成长的利益顽疾,坚守大学体育立德树人的理想与初心的改革建议。This paper analyzes the historical evolution of the reform of athletic sports in American universities by using the methods of literature review,historical analysis and logical analysis,and expounds the characteristics and evolution track of the organization and management mechanism of university athletic sports in different historical stages,such as the germination stage,the initial stage,the formation stage,the oscillation and adjustment stage,and the rational regression stage.It also analyzes the reason and essence of the debate between professionalism and amateurism,the controversy of commercialization,the debate of management authority,the debate between the criteria for athletes’ entrance and their academic criteria in universities,the racial and gender equality in the reform of athletic sports in American universities.Based on the experience and lessons of the reform and development of school athletic sports in the United States,this paper reflects on and explores the problems of who should lead the reform of school athletic sports in China,how,what and why.It is proposed that the reform of athletic sports in the universities in China should establish the top authority body,promote the overall planning and coordination,eliminate the obstacles that hinder the healthy growth of athletic sports in universities,and adhere to the ideals and the original intention of “educate people through sports”.

关 键 词：大学竞技体育 竞技体育改革 商业化 业余性原则 

分 类 号：G808[文化科学—体育训练]