社会企业模式下的英国球迷参与足球治理研究  

British Supporter Participation in Football Governance from the Perspective of Social Enterprise

作　　者：高嵩 夏忠梁[2] 康灵 梁斌[3] 刘海莉[2] GAO Song;XIA Zhongliang;KANG Ling;LIANG Bin;LIU Haili(New Media Center,Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China;School of Physical Education,Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,Liaoning,China;School of Physical Education,Chongqing Technology and Business University,Chongqing 400067,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院现代教育中心,北京100191 [2]沈阳体育学院体育教育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [3]重庆工商大学体育学院,重庆400067

出　　处：《沈阳体育学院学报》2019年第4期50-56,共7页Journal of Shenyang Sport University

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“集体身份认同视域下中英足球球迷文化的比较研究”(14BTY019)

摘　　要：通过文献资料法和专家访谈法,对英国球迷参与足球治理的组织形式进行了研究。结果显示,以球迷基金会为主要形式的社会企业是球迷参与足球治理的主要形式,其参与的动因源于欧洲公民意识的复兴和球迷日益边缘化的地位。通过社会企业模式,英国球迷在足球治理方面进行了有益的探索,成为挽救或重建足球俱乐部的一支力量,并在俱乐部顶层管理层中获得了一定的话语权。对于球迷社会企业的发展,英国政府秉持了支持的态度,同时严格执行了对其发展过程的监管,保证了球迷社会企业的公益性特征。同时,随着英国球迷参与足球治理的深入进行,目前的模式也引起了质疑和反思,诸如社区利益公司等新的形式成为足球治理新的发展方向。英国球迷参与足球治理实践有助于更有效整合球迷、社会组织和政府的力量,使球迷成为中国足球发展的重要源动力。Through literature review and expert interviews,this paper studies the organizational forms of British football supporters’ participation in football governance.The results show that social enterprises,which take supporter trust as the main form,are the main form of supporters’ participation in football governance.The participation is motivated by the revival of European citizenship and the growing marginalization of supporters.Through the model of social enterprise,British football supporters have made useful explorations in football governance,become a force to save or rebuild football clubs,and have gained a certain discourse power in the top management of the clubs.For the development of supporters’ social enterprises,the British government upholds a supportive attitude and strictly enforces the supervision of its development process,which ensures the public welfare characteristics of supporters’ social enterprises.With the deepening of British supporters’ participation in football governance,the current model has also aroused doubts and reflections.New forms such as community interest companies have become the new development direction of football governance.The participation of British supporters in football governance practice will help us integrate the strength of supporters,social organizations and the government more effectively,and make supporters an important driving force for the development of Chinese football.

关 键 词：社会企业 球迷 工业工人互助协会 社区利益公司 治理 

分 类 号：G80-053[文化科学—运动人体科学]