如何决定竞争性电力市场中的工业电价：借鉴英国经验  

How Industrial Electricity Prices are Determined in a Liberalized Power Market: Lessons from Great Britain

作　　者：迈克尔·G.波利特 莱维斯·戴尔 Michael·G. Pollitt;Lewis Dale

机构地区：[1]剑桥大学 [2]英国国家电网

出　　处：《财经智库》2019年第4期81-120,143,共40页Financial Minds

基　　金：英国驻华大使馆;英国驻广州领事馆;英国驻上海领事馆对本项目的持续支持中国社会科学院《财经智库》对本项目的大力支持;国家电网;英国经济与社会研究委员会（ESRC）;英国工程及物理科学研究委员会（EPSRC）;剑桥大学能源研究网络（Energy@Cambridge）“寻求好的能源政策”大挑战项目（波利特，2015年）提供的资助

摘　　要：作为全面改革电力市场的范例,英国电力市场改革的经验对中国电力改革有着重要的启示意义。本文首先分析了英国工业电价的构成,并围绕工业电价的主要组成部分(批发价格、零售利润、输电费用、系统平衡费用、配电费用和环境税费),探讨了市场、监管机构、中央政府在价格决定过程中的作用,提出可供中国借鉴的具体经验。In this paper, we begin by discussing the components of the price of industrial electricity in Great Britain, as an example of a fully reformed electricity market, where the market is roughly comparable in size to a reasonably large Chinese province. We go on to discuss the key actors in the liberalized electricity system in Great Britain, before unpacking each of the components of the price. We discuss the market determined elements first, then go on to introduce and discuss the regulated elements of the price before finishing with the central government determined price components. Our discussion covers the determination of the wholesale price, the retail margin, transmission charges, system balancing charges, distribution charges and environmental levies and taxes. In each of these cases we discuss the process by which they are determined(led by the market, the regulator, the central government or more than one) and the specific lessons for China. We conclude by emphasizing some of the high-level lessons on electricity price determination for China.

关 键 词：中国电力市场改革 工业电价 电力自由化 

分 类 号：F[经济管理]