干灰库散装扬尘原因分析及对策措施  

Analysis and countermeasures for the cause of dust in dry ash storage in the process of bulk loading

作　　者：姜维才 许雪松 JIANG Weicai;XU Xuesong

机构地区：[1]国电科学技术研究院有限公司

出　　处：《电力科技与环保》2019年第4期32-34,共3页Electric Power Technology and Environmental Protection

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAA05B01)

摘　　要：燃煤电厂终端灰库是厂区内扬尘污染的主要源头之一,而干灰散装过程中的扬尘现象是造成库区粉煤灰污染最主要的原因。干灰散装扬尘污染不但是影响全厂安全文明生产的顽疾之一,也是职业卫生中造成粉尘危害的重灾区。通过深入分析干灰散装机的工作过程和原理,从散装机的设计、设备、运行等方面探讨了造成扬尘现象的各种原因,设计方面的原因有:配套的除尘器或抽尘风机容量过小,气体处理能力不足,与卸灰机最大落灰量不匹配;散装机进料管与收尘套管之间径向间隙不合理;散装机落灰管轴向布置尺寸不合理;散装接头外锥面设计不合理。设备方面的原因有:除尘器实际风量达不到设计要求;散装机进料管和收尘管之间的空隙无法有效保持;灰车料位测量及控制系统故障。运行方面的原因有:散装机落灰量超出合理范围;操作人员责任心不强;设备维护不及时。针对上述问题提出了相应的对策措施。The pollution of fly ash in the coal-fired power plant area will not only affect the environment of the plant, but also affect the safe and stable operation of on-site electrical switches and rotating machinery. The terminal storage of coal-fired power plant is one of the main sources of dust pollution in the factory area, and the dust phenomenon in the dry ash bulk process is the main cause of the pollution of the fly ash in the reservoir region. Dust pollution in dry ash bulk is not only one of the persistent problems affecting the safe and civilized production of the whole plant, but also a main area that causes dust hazards in occupational health. Through analysis various reasons for causing dust emission are discussed from the aspects of design, equipment and operation of bulk machine. The design reasons are as follows: the capacity of the matched dust collector or the dust extraction fan is too small, the gas treatment capacity is insufficient, and the maximum ash loss of the dust discharge machine does not match;the radial clearance between the bulk feed tube and the dust collection sleeve is not Reasonable;the axial arrangement of the ash pipe of the bulk machine is unreasonable;the outer cone surface design of the bulk joint is unreasonable. The reasons for the equipment are: the actual air volume of the dust collector does not meet the design requirements;the gap between the bulk feeding tube and the dust collecting tube cannot be effectively maintained;the gray material level measurement and control system failure. The reasons for operation include: the amount of ash falling in the bulk machine is out of reasonable range;the responsibility of the operator is not strong;the maintenance of the equipment is not timely. Corresponding countermeasures are put forward for the above problems.

关 键 词：灰库 散装 扬尘 原因 对策 

分 类 号：X701.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]