小麦花粉育性检测和花粉致死基因携带种质的鉴定  

Wheat Pollen Fertility Test and Pollen Lethal Gene Carrying Germplasm Identification

作　　者：张建朝 高苗 牛娜[1] 宋瑜龙[1] 马守才[1] 高翔[1] 张改生[1] 王军卫[1] 董剑[1] ZHANG Jianchao;GAO Miao;NIU Na;SONG Yulong;MA Shoucai;GAO Xiang;ZHANG Gaisheng;WANG Junwei;DONG Jian(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,National Yang ling Agricultural Biotechnology & Breeding Center/Yangling Branch of State Wheat Improvement Centre/Wheat Breeding Engineering Research Center,Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Heterosis Research and Utilization of Crops in Shaanxi Province,Yangling Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院国家杨凌农业生物技术育种中心/国家小麦改良中心杨凌分中心/小麦育种教育部工程研究中心/陕西省作物杂种优势研究与利用重点实验室

出　　处：《种子》2019年第7期1-5,11,共6页Seed

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2015 BAD 27 B 01);国家自然科学基金(31371697);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2014 KTZB 02-01-02);国家小麦产业技术体系项目(K 3070217023)

摘　　要：小麦雄性不育主要是通过花粉的败育来表现,研究花粉致死基因对小麦杂种优势的利用研究具有重要意义和价值。本研究通过对组配的155个F1杂交组合成熟花药用1%KI-I2染色,显微镜观察,鉴定花粉败育情况,并对表现出花粉半不育特性的F1组合亲本进行花粉致死基因的鉴定。结果表明,在155个冬小麦F1杂交组合中有4个F1组合(西农9718/鑫农516,西农9817/周麦22,西农9817/西农509,西农261/西纯4号)的花粉表现为半不育花粉状态,一半花粉粒碘染呈深蓝色圆形,花粉粒较大;另外一半的花粉粒较小,不规则,未上色。用中国春(具有显性花粉致死基因Ki)和宁春4、宁春16小麦品种(具有隐性花粉致死基因ki)与4个F1组合亲本分别杂交获得相应F1,对其花粉染色显微镜鉴定,从中筛选出携带相应等位显性Ki基因的品种2份,携带相应等位隐性ki基因的品种4份。Male sterility in wheat is mainly manifested by pollen killing gene.It is of great significance and value to study pollen lethal gene for the utilization of heterosis in wheat.In this study,pollen abortion was identified by staining the mature flowers with 1% KI-I 2 of F1 hybrid combinations and observing under a microscope,and pollen lethal genes were identified for F1 combination parents with semi-sterile pollen characteristics.The results showed that the pollen of 4 F1 combinations (Xinong 9718/Xinnong 516,Xinong 9817/Zhou mai 22,Xinong 9817/Xinong 509,and Xinong 261/Xichun 4) in 155 F1 hybrid combinations of winter wheat showed semi-sterile pollen state,and half of the pollen grains were dark blue and round with iodine staining,and the pollen grains were large.The other half had smaller,irregular,uncolored grains.With Chinese spring pollen (with the dominant lethal gene Ki) and NingChun 4,NingChun 16 wheat varieties (latent pollen lethal gene ki) and four F1 combinations were respectively to obtain corresponding F1,microscopic identification of its pollen staining,two varieties carrying the corresponding allele dominant Ki gene and four varieties carrying the corresponding allele recessive ki gene were selected.

关 键 词：小麦 花粉 育性 致死基因 种质材料 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]