油菜联合收获机切抛组合式纵轴流脱离装置设计与试验  

Design and Experiment on Combined Cutting and Throwing Longitudinal Axial Flow Threshing and Separating Device of Rape Combine Harvester

作　　者：廖庆喜[1,2] 徐阳 袁佳诚 万星宇 蒋亚军 LIAO Qingxi;XU Yang;YUAN Jiacheng;WAN Xingyu;JIANG Yajun(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze Rive,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第7期140-150,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队项目;湖北省技术创新专项重大项目(2016ABA094);湖北省农业科技创新行动项目

摘　　要：针对传统油菜联合收获机链耙式输送器输送距离长、且易引起油菜高粗茎秆堵塞的问题,设计了一种切抛组合式纵轴流脱离装置,实现油菜的强制喂入、切断抛送、脱粒分离功能于一体,整机关键部件全部采用液压驱动,可保证其无级调速和运转平稳。通过对茎秆的运动学与动力学分析,确定了喂入辊、切碎滚筒和脱粒滚筒的结构参数与工作参数,以夹带损失率和功耗等为评价指标,开展了切碎滚筒转速、脱粒滚筒转速和脱粒间隙的正交试验。正交试验结果表明:较优参数组合为切碎滚筒转速450r/min、脱粒滚筒转速450r/min、脱粒间隙30mm,此时夹带损失率为0.415%,脱出物短茎秆质量分数为10.43%,切碎滚筒和脱粒滚筒总功耗为4.16kW,排草口茎秆平均长度134.8mm,对应的旋风分离清选系统籽粒总损失率为6.13%、清洁率为91.97%。田间试验表明,切抛组合式纵轴流脱离装置能实现物料由割台至脱离装置的均匀连续输送和脱粒分离功能,可满足油菜联合收获机的作业要求。A combined cutting and throwing longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device was designed to solve the problems like long transport distance and high probability of blockage in threshing device due to the low adaptability of the chain conveyor to rape with high and thick stems in traditional rape combine harvester.The functions of forced feeding,cutting,throwing,threshing and separating were combined,and the key parts of the rape combine harvester were all hydraulically driven to ensure their stepless speed regulation and smooth operation.The structural and working parameters of feeding roller,cutting cylinder and threshing cylinder were determined based on kinematics and dynamics analysis of stem.The orthogonal experiment of cutting cylinder speed,threshing cylinder speed and threshing clearance were carried out while the entrainment loss ratio and power consumption were used as indexes.The results of orthogonal experiment showed that the optimal parameters were 450 r/min for the cutting cylinder speed,450 r/min for the threshing cylinder speed and 30 mm for the threshing clearance.Under this combination of parameters,the total loss ratio was 0.415%,the mass percentages of short stems in the threshing outlets was 10.43%,the total power consumption for cutting cylinder and threshing cylinder was 4.16 kW and the average length of the stems discharged from the outlet of stems was 134.8 mm.In addition,the loss ratio and cleaning ratio of cyclone separation cleaning system were 6.13%and 91.97%,respectively.The field experiment showed that the combined cutting and throwing longitudinal axial flow threshing and separating device could realize the uniform continuous conveying,threshing and separating of materials from the header to the threshing device and it could meet the operation demand of the rape combine harvester.

关 键 词：油菜 联合收获机 切抛组合 纵轴流脱粒装置 

分 类 号：S225.99[农业科学—农业机械化工程]