洛浦县管花肉苁蓉种植园冬季土壤温度特征及防冻措施  

Characteristics of Soil Temperature in Winter and Anti-freezing Measures in Cistanche tubulosa Plantation in Luopu County,Xinjiang

作　　者：陈启民[1,2] 巴哈提古丽·木沙巴依 褚奋飞 桑巴叶 段文标 CHEN Qi-min;Bahatiguli Musabayi;CHU Fen-fei;SANG Ba-ye;DUAN Wen-biao(Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;Institute of Afforestation and Sand Control,Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences,Urumqi 830063,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]新疆林科院造林治沙研究所,新疆乌鲁木齐830063

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2019年第4期122-130,共9页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项“和田管花肉苁蓉冻害防控技术研发”

摘　　要：为解决和田地区管花肉苁蓉种植中冻害频发的问题,研究了种植园肉苁蓉的接种深度和肉质茎分布、气温与土壤温度变化规律以及5种防冻措施和对照的土壤温度变化特征。结果表明,在研究前期(12月2日)50cm以下土壤温度、中期(1月7日)30cm以下土壤温度、后期(2月23日)40cm以下土壤温度不随每日的气温变化而发生显著变化,越冬肉苁蓉肉质茎宜分布于50cm以下,最高不浅于30cm;种植园土壤最大冻土深度可达70cm以下,肉苁蓉接种深度应在70cm以下,这样不仅可以避免冻害,而且有利于其大型个体的生长;4种覆盖处理的保温效果为处理2>处理4>处理1>处理3,处理2和处理4与对照(CK)的土壤平均温度差异显著,有很好的保温效果,种子园越冬可将处理2和处理4组合使用,并在2月初掀帘以利于地温升高;冬灌由于大幅降低土壤平均温度(2.07℃)及延长冻土期(21d),不利于肉苁蓉越冬;为避免与采收冲突,和田地区肉苁蓉地表覆盖防冻措施宜在11月下旬进行,最晚不宜迟于12月上旬。In order to solve the problems of frost damage occurring frequently in Cistanche tubulosa plantation in Hotan region,Xinjiang,relative issues were studied,such as the inoculation depth,distribution of fleshy stems,variation rules of atmospheric and soil temperatures,variation characteristics of soil temperature under 5 anti-freezing measures.The results showed that temperatures of the soils below 50 cm at the early growth stage (December 2),below 30 cm at medium stage (January 7),and below 40 cm at late stage (February 23)did not change significantly with the change of daily temperature.The preference distribution depth of overwintering fleshy stems was more than 50 cm,and the minimum soil depth was 30cm.The maximum depth of frozen soil was more than 70 cm,indicating that the inoculation depth of C.tubulosa should be below 70 cm,not only to avoid freezing injury,but also to be conducive to the growth of the large-scale individual stems.The heat preservation effect of four mulching treatments was in the order of treatment 2>treatment 4>treatment 1>treatment 3,in which the heat preservation effect of treatment 2 and 4 had significant difference with the control.The combination of treatment 2 and 4 was recommended in the seed orchard,while the grass curtain was removed in early February to facilitate the soil temperature.The winter irrigation could significantly reduce the average soil temperature (2.07℃)and prolonge frozen period (21 days),which was not favorable for the cultivation of C.tubulosa .To avoid the conflict with the harvest,the mulching measures to prevention and control the frost damage should be applied during the last ten days of November to the early ten days of December.

关 键 词：管花肉苁蓉 土壤温度 防冻措施 

分 类 号：S716.5[农业科学—林学]