秦岭北麓东部灌区主推夏玉米品种适宜密度的研究  

Research on Suitable Density of Summer Maize Varieties in the Eastern Irrigation Area of Northern Qinling Mountain

作　　者：王琤 李凤艳[1] 张睿[1] 张文涛 吕益娟 郭利敏 WANG Cheng;LI Feng-yan;ZHANG Rui;ZHANG Wen-tao;LV Yi-juan;GUO Li-ming(College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,China;The Seed Management Station of Huazhou District,Weinan 714100,China;The Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Huazhou District,Weinan 714100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省渭南市华州区种子管理站,陕西渭南714100 [3]陕西省渭南市华州区农业技术推广中心,陕西渭南714100

出　　处：《西安文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期78-82,共5页Journal of Xi’an University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家重点计划研发项目(2016YDF0100103-17):“夏玉米种质耐低氮表型精准鉴定”

摘　　要：2018年6~10月在秦岭北麓东部灌区的渭南市华州区柳枝镇南关村试验基地,选择有代表性的主推早熟、中熟和晚熟夏玉米品种陕单636、郑单958和陕单8806进行绿色高质高效生产的适宜密度筛选试验.结果表明:密度对夏玉米品种的产量、千粒重、行粒数、株高、穗位高和双穗率有显著影响,但对穗行数、生育期影响不显著.密度从45000株/hm^2到75000株/hm^2,产量增加,但当密度达到90000株/hm^2时早熟玉米增产,中熟品种和晚熟品种均减产.千粒重、行粒数、株高随着密度的增加而降低;穗位高呈先增加后降低趋势;双穗率显著降低.因此,在秦岭北麓东部灌区,早熟夏玉米品种适宜密植,密度可超过75000株/hm^2,中熟和晚熟夏玉米品种密度不宜超过75000株/hm^2,中熟品种比晚熟品种更适宜本地区种植.From June to October in 2018,in the test base of Nanguan Village,Liuzhi Town,Huazhou District,Weinan City,North of irrigated area of Qinling Mountain,the suitable density screening test for green high quality and high efficiency production was carried out by selection of representative early-maturing,medium-maturing and late-maturing summer maize varieties Shandan 636,Zhengdan 958 and Shandan 8806 at different densities.The results showed that the density had significant effects on the yield,1 000-grains weight,grain number,plant height,ear height and double ear rate of summer maize varieties,but had no significant effect on the number of ear rows and growth period.The density increased from 45 000 plants/hm^2 to 75 000 plants/hm^2,but the early-maturing maize varieties of yield increased when the density reached 90 000 plants/hm^2,while the medium-maturing and late-maturing maize varieties showed reduced yield,and the late-maturing maize varieties decreased more.The 1 000-grains weight,grain number and plant height decreased with the increase of density.Spike height increased first and then decreased.The double spike rate is significantly reduced.Therefore,in the east irrigated area at the northern foot of the qinling mountain,early summer maize varieties are suitable for dense planting with a density of more than 75 000 plants/hm^2,medium and late summer maize varieties should not have a density of more than 75 000 plants/hm^2,the medium mature varieties are more suitable for planting in this region than late mature varieties.

关 键 词：玉米 品种 密度 产量 生育期 

分 类 号：S352.5[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S513[农业科学—农艺学]