无车承运人及货运平台监管调查分析  

Investigation and Analysis on Supervision on NTOCC and Freight Platform

作　　者：尤美虹 骆温平[2] 陶君成[3] YOU Mei-hong;LUO Wen-ping;TAO Jun-cheng(Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai201306,China;Wuhan Donghu University,Wuhan,Hubei430071,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学物流科学与工程研究院,上海市201306 [2]上海海事大学经济管理学院,上海市201306 [3]武汉东湖学院管理学院,湖北武汉430071

出　　处：《中国流通经济》2019年第8期45-53,共9页China Business and Market

基　　金：湖北省科技厅技术创新专项软科学研究类资助项目“乡村振兴中农民深度参与的城乡物流供应链创新实践研究”(2019ADC082)

摘　　要：受出租车市场打车软件启发,我国公路货运平台曾爆发式生长,而如何监管尚未破题。近年来,交通运输部门开展无车承运人试点,将之提上日程。无车承运人及货运平台运营的双边市场涉及托运人、实际承运人及平台相关方,政府对其监管与以往的直接管理明显不同。货运平台监管研究对寻求"互联网+"驱动下的企业管理和政府规制策略具有重要理论与现实意义。对262位司机和288位货主进行实地访谈和网络调查,解剖标杆企业并开展专题研讨发现,无车承运人试点为公路货运市场健康发展指明了方向。无车承运人及货运平台运行的特征是,物流交割和供应链管理是无车承运人可视化管理的载体,其对应的商贸活动是体现物流管理要求的场景,前台车货匹配APP、中台对银行和税务等部门的开放与链接、后台供应链可视化管理跟踪等是其运行控制与组织的关键,金融服务是其创造价值的根本手段。对无车承运人及货运平台的监管包括平台监管和政府监管两个方面,以平台企业监管为主,政府公共监管为辅。其中,平台监管指平台企业利用价格、契约和技术工具规范其双边市场参与者行为,并协助政府开展运输安全和诚信管理;政府监管指政府对平台企业采取行政、法规和政策管理措施,保障其运输安全、依法纳税和诚实守信,并支持平台企业创新和优化外部环境。Drawing inspiration from taxi related software,China’s road freight platforms have been developed"wildly",and related problems with supervision have not yet been solved. In recent years,some pilot programs of Non-truck Operating Common Carrier(NTOCC) have been put on the agenda by transportation department. The bilateral market of NTOCC and freight platform involves consignor,real carrier,and platform related participants,which means that government supervision on this will be quite different from the traditional supervision. Study on supervision on freight platform has great theoretical and practical significance for corporate management and government control strategy under the background of"Internet +". Based on online and offline investigation on 262 drivers and 288 cargo owners,the authors explore the benchmarking enterprises and carry out specific study. It is found that NTOCC is the direction of the health development of road freight market. The characteristics of NTOCC and freight platform include:logistic delivery and supply chain management is the carrier of visualized management for NTOCC;cargo and truck matching App in front-office,linkage to bank and tax related department in middle-office,and supply chain information management in back-office are the key for operation control and organization;and financial service is the fundamental means for value creation. Supervision on NTOCC and freight platform includes such two aspects as platform supervision and government supervision;platform supervision means platform enterprises regulate the participant behaviors in this bilateral market with the help of price,contract,and technical tools,and provide government with support in transportation safety and honesty management;and government supervision means that government will guarantee the transportation safety,tax collection,honesty with the help of administrative,law and policy related management,and provides platform enterprises with support in innovation and external environment optimization.

关 键 词：无车承运人 货运平台 平台监管 政府监管 

分 类 号：F252[经济管理—国民经济]