氮磷钾用量对西兰花产量、质量和养分利用率的影响  

Effects of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium on yield,quality and nutrient utilization rate of broccoli

作　　者：陈千财 佀国涵 谢媛圆[2,3] 夏贤格 袁家富 汪新胜 赵书军[2,3] 徐大兵 CHEN Qian-cai;SI Guo-han;XIE Yuan-yuan;XIA Xian-ge;YUAN Jia-fu;WANG Xin-sheng;ZHAO Shu-jun;XU Da-bing(Agricultural Service Center of Bajiao Dong Nationality Township in Enshi City,Enshi 445033,Hubei,China;Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Wuhan 430064,China;Institute of Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430064,China;Xiaogan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xiaogan 432504,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]恩施市芭蕉侗族乡农业服务中心,湖北恩施445033 [2]农业农村部废弃物肥料化利用重点实验室,武汉430064 [3]湖北省农业科学院植保土肥研究所,武汉430064 [4]孝感市农业科学院,湖北孝感432504

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2019年第14期46-50,121,共6页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0201210);湖北省蔬菜减肥减药及提质增效技术研究与示范项目

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了氮、磷、钾用量对西兰花产量、质量和养分利用率的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量(240~480 kg/hm^2)的增加,西兰花产量、生物量和干物质量均呈现出先增加后降低的变化趋势,以330~405 kg/hm^2施氮量最高。当氮、磷、钾用量分别超过330、135和255 kg/hm^2时,对产量的增加效果有限。330~405 kg/hm^2施氮量能够获得较高的氮、磷、钾累积量,磷、钾用量分别超过135和255 kg/hm^2时会降低植株氮素累积量,但对磷、钾累积量的影响不显著。施氮量为240~405 kg/hm^2时氮肥利用率和氮肥农学利用率分别达到了43.10%~47.66%和16.25~16.72 kg/kg。施氮量的增加促进了西兰花硝酸盐的累积,但是降低维生素C含量,而糖酸比和灰分则呈现先降低后增加的变化趋势。总之,在磷、钾用量分别为135和255 kg/hm^2的基础上,施氮量为330~405 kg/hm^2时,西兰花能够获得较好的产量、质量和氮肥利用效率。Field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P) and potassium(K) amount on yield,quality and nutrient use efficiency of broccoli.The results showed that with the increase of N application(240~480 kg/hm^2),the yield,biomass and dry matter of broccoli increased first and then decreased,and the highest N application rate was 330~405 kg/hm^2.When the amount of N,P and K exceeded 330,135 and 255 kg/hm^2,respectively,the effect of yield improvement was limited.N application with 330~405 kg/hm^2 could obtain higher N,P and K accumulation.When P and K application exceeded 135 and 255 kg/hm^2,respectively,the N accumulation of plant reduced,but the effect on P and K accumulation was not significant.Nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic use efficiency reached 43.10%~47.66% and 16.25~16.72 kg/kg respectively with 240~405 kg/hm^2 of N application.Nitrogen application increased nitrate accumulation in broccoli,but decreased vitamin C content,while sugar-acid ratio and ash content decreased first and then increased.In a word,broccoli can obtain better yield and quality and nitrogen use efficiency when the amount of P and K was 135 and 255 kg/hm^2,respectively,and with the 330~405 kg/hm^2 of N application.

关 键 词：产量 质量 养分累积量 氮肥利用率 农学利用率 

分 类 号：S635.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]