不同有机基质配方对设施番茄产量及品质的影响  

Effects of organic substrates on yield and quality of tomato in solar greenhouse

作　　者：刘中良[1] 高俊杰[1] 张艳艳[1] 谷端银[1] 焦娟[1] 刘世琦 LIU Zhong-liang;GAO Jun-jie;ZHANG Yan-yan;GU Duan-yin;JIAO Juan;LIU Shi-qi(Taian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taian 271000,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticulture Crops(Huanghuai Region),Ministry of Agriculture,P.R.China/College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Taian 271000,China)

机构地区：[1]泰安市农业科学研究院,山东泰安271000 [2]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院/农业部黄淮地区园艺作物生物学与种质创制重点实验室,山东泰安271000

出　　处：《上海交通大学学报（农业科学版）》2019年第3期34-38,共5页Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University(Agricultural Science)

基　　金：山东重点研发计划项目(2018GNC110037);山东省现代农业产业体系蔬菜创新团队土壤与肥料岗位专家项目(SDAIT-05-09)

摘　　要：为提高农业废弃物综合利用率及降低农业生态污染,研究了不同体积比腐熟菌渣、稻壳、牛粪复配河沙制成的5种配方基质(T1=6∶0∶1∶1,T2=4∶2∶1∶1,T3=3∶3∶1∶1,T4=2∶4∶1∶1,T5=0∶6∶1∶1)对‘STP-F318’番茄光合速率、果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,T3处理番茄叶片净光合速率显著高于其他处理,T3、T2处理番茄平均产量分别为157825.65、150733.26kg/hm^2,显著高于其他处理。各配方处理对早春茬番茄维生素C含量影响不显著,而对秋冬茬维生素C含量影响显著。番茄红素含量变化趋势与维生素C含量趋势类似。两茬T5处理番茄可溶性糖含量均最高,与其他处理间差异显著。早春茬T2和T3处理番茄糖酸比为8.43、8.30,秋冬茬T3和T4处理糖酸比为8.16、8.45,口感较佳。综上所述,T3、T2处理番茄叶片净光合速率高,果实品质佳,产量高,适宜在设施土壤退化严重地区推广应用。Five organic substrates prepared by mixing mushroom dreg,rice husk,cattle manure and river sand at different volume ratios(T1=6∶0∶1∶1,T2=4∶2∶1∶1,T3=3∶3∶1∶1,T4=2∶4∶1∶1,T5=0∶6∶1∶1) were compared to the seek the proper ways of using agricultural wastes to produce ‘STP-F318’ tomato and reducing environmental pollution.The results showed that the net photosynthetic rate of tomato leaves under T3 treatment was significantly higher than other treatments.The average yields under T3 and T2 treatments were 157 825.65 and 150 733.26 kg/hm^2,higher than other treatments,respectively.The differences of vitamin C contents were not significant(P>0.05) between treatments in early spring season,while significant(P<0.05) in autumn-winter season.The lycopene contents had similar trends with the vitamin C contents.The soluble sugar content of T5 treatment in early spring and autumn-winter was the highest among the treatments(P<0.05).The sugar-acid ratios were 8.43 and 8.30 under T2 and T3 in early spring,and 8.16 and 8.45 under T3 and T4 in autumn-winter season.In summary,the T3 and T2 treatments of tomato had high photosynthetic rate,quality and yield,which are suitable for popularization and application in areas with serious soil degradation.

关 键 词：基质 番茄 净光合速率 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]