基于文字与文献研究的“山水”语词风景审美探源  

Exploration of Aesthetic Origin of “Shan Shui” Word Based on the Study of Text and Literature

作　　者：吴静子[1] 王其亨[1] 赵大鹏[2] Wu Jingzi;Wang Qiheng;Zhao Dapeng(School of Architecture,Tianjin University,Tianjin 300072,China;Tianjin Urban Planning Design Institute,Tianjin 300201,China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]天津市城市规划设计研究院,天津300201

出　　处：《天津大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期446-453,共8页Journal of Tianjin University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大资助项目(14ZDB025)

摘　　要：以山水语词中的"山""水"为研究对象,以上古刻画符号,商周甲骨文、金文以及先秦至魏晋南北朝的经典文献为研究载体,尝试还原"山水"语词的审美起源,探寻中国古人的风景审美理念及思维规律。通过研究发现,从自然物象中抽象、提炼而形成的"山""水"符号和文字,包含着远古人类对自然山水之形的概括、抽象和理解,包含着他们对以山水为主要内容之自然物象的认识、理解和审美。在先秦至魏晋南北朝的经典文献中,"山""水"语词主要是用来指称和描述自然环境中的某种特定客观事物。而至先秦时期始,文献中关乎山水自然的描绘和赞美已是不胜枚举,并已达到相当的高度。因此推论,从魏晋南北朝时期开始,中古人便习以"山水"语词表述现代汉语中"风景"的概念,既符合中国古人的思维规律,又能体现出深厚的历史文化基因。This thesis researches into the words"Shan"and"Shui"and tries to trace back the aesthetic origin of the word"Shanshui",so as to explore the aesthetic concept and thinking of ancient Chinese people.The research takes characters related to"Shan"and"Shui"as learning materials,including the carved marks of great antiquity,the oracle bone scripts,the bronze inscriptions and the classical literature from pre-Qin Dynasty to the Northern-Southern Dynasties.Through the research,it can be concluded that the graphs and characters of"Shan"and"Shui",which resemble the shape of natural landscapes,contain people’s understanding of mountains and water,their methods of generalizing and abstracting things and their aesthetic attitude towards nature.From pre-Qin Dynasty to the Northern-Southern Dynasties,the words"Shan"and"Shui"were mainly used to refer to the specific natural landscape.Since then,works of considerable artistic value sprouted up to describe and praise nature,from which it can be learned that from Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties,ancient Chinese used"Shanshui"to express the concept of"landscape"in modern Chinese,which not only conforms to the thinking rules of ancient Chinese,but also reflects the profound historical and cultural genes.

关 键 词：山水 文字 文献 风景审美 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]