播期、密度和氮肥运筹对高产品种‘淮麦33’产量和品质的调控  

Effect of Sowing Date, Density and Nitrogen Management on Grain Yield and Quality of High Yield ‘Huaimai 33’

作　　者：周羊梅 顾正中[1] 王安邦[1] 杨子博[1] 冷苏凤 Zhou Yangmei;Gu Zhengzhong;Wang Anbang;Yang Zibo;Leng Sufeng(Agriculture Science Research Institute of Huaiyin in Xuzhou and Huaiyin Area of Jiangsu Province, Huaian Jiangsu 223001;Seed Administration Bureau of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036)

机构地区：[1]江苏徐淮地区淮阴农业科学研究所,江苏淮安223001 [2]江苏省种子管理站,南京210036

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第19期1-5,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“抗赤霉病育种新材料创制与新品种选育”(2017YFD0100702);江苏省重点研发计划项目“淮北抗赤霉病小麦新品种选育”(BE2015352-6);江苏省农业重大新品种创制项目“淮北麦区优质高产抗赤霉病小麦新品种培育”(PZCZ201706);淮安市自然科学研究计划项目“基于分子标记技术的优质抗赤霉病小麦新品种选育”(HAB201721)

摘　　要：为明确高产小麦品种优质、高产、高效栽培的群体调控和氮肥管理策略,以‘淮麦33’为材料,采用2个裂区设计,播期密度试验主区为5个播期,裂区为3个密度;氮肥试验主区为2个氮肥用量,裂区为4个氮肥运筹方法,对其籽粒产量和品质指标进行分析。结果表明,播期和密度对‘淮麦33’的籽粒产量均有显著影响。5个播期中,10月11日播种的籽粒产量最高,10月1日、10月21日也取得较高产量,10月31日播种产量明显下降,11月10日播种产量下降最多。密度为225万/hm^2时产量最高。蛋白质含量随着密度的增加和播期的推迟呈上升趋势。增加氮肥用量和后期施肥比例不仅可以提高‘淮麦33’产量,亦可以增加蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉淀值。综合分析,在本试验条件下,10月11日播种、225万/hm^2基本苗、施氮量300 kg/hm^2、氮肥运筹5:3:2时高产品种‘淮麦33’产量最高,品质最好。To clarify population control and nitrogen management for superior quality, high yield and high-efficiency cultivation of high yield wheat varieties,‘Huaimai 33’ is used as the material. We adopted two splitplot designs, 5 sowing dates as the main plot and 3 planting densities as the subplot in sowing date and densitytest;2 nitrogen dosages as the main plot and 4 nitrogen managements as the subplot in nitrogen fertilizer test. Thegrain yield and quality indicators were analyzed. The results showed that sowing date and density significantlyaffected grain yield and its components. Among the 5 sowing dates, grain yield of October 11 sowing date was thehighest, and grain yields of October 1, October 21 were higher too, grain yield of October 31 was significantlyreduced and grain yield of November 10 decreased the most. The plant density of 225×10^4 plants/hm^2 treatmenthad the highest yield. Protein content increased with the increasing density and the delay of sowing date.Increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and dressing ratio in late growth period can not only increase the yield of‘Huaimai 33’, but also increase the protein content, wet gluten content and sedimentation value. Integratedanalysis of grain yield and quality shows that the appropriate management for high yield and superior quality cultivation of ‘Huaimai 33’ is sowing date of October 11, planting density of 225×10^4 plants/hm^2, nitrogen rate of 300 kg/hm^2 and dressing ratio of 5:3:2.

关 键 词：高产品种 '淮麦33’ 产量 品质 播期 密度 氮肥运筹 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]