控释肥、普通肥分层施肥对氮磷钾养分迁移的影响  

Effects of Controlled Release Fertilizer and Common Fertilizer on NPK Nutrient Transport

作　　者：梁海 陈宝成 韩惠芳[1] 王少博 王桂伟 韩哲 陈剑秋 LIANG Hai;CHEN Baocheng;HAN Huifang;WANG Shaobo;WANG Guiwei;HAN Zhe;CHEN Jianqiu(National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;College of Resource and Environment,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an,Shandong 271018;State Key Laboratory of Nutrition Resources Integrated Utilization,Shandong Kingenta Ecological Engineering Co.,Ltd.,Linshu,Shandong 276000)

机构地区：[1]土肥资源高效利用国家工程实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东农业大学资源与环境学院,山东泰安271018 [3]养分资源高效开发与综合利用国家重点实验室,金正大生态工程集团股份有限公司,山东临沭276000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2019年第4期154-160,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“水浇地合理耕层构建技术指标研究”(201503117);国家“十三五”重点研发计划项目“纳米复合包膜缓控释掺混肥料研制与应用”(2017YFD0200705)

摘　　要：为了研究不同分层施肥对养分迁移的影响,通过土柱淋洗试验,以混施(肥料撒施后翻耕)为对照,设置不施肥、普通尿素和控释尿素分别与磷钾肥掺混后进行1层(深度5cm)、2层(5,10cm)、3层(5,10,15cm)施肥处理,研究不同分层施肥处理对养分淋洗总量、肥料养分淋洗率的影响。结果表明,普通肥分层施肥的无机氮淋洗总量显著低于对照,其中3层施肥处理最低,且显著低于其他各处理;控释肥各分层施肥处理无机氮淋洗量总体低于控释肥混施,但未达显著水平;各分层施肥处理对有效磷的总淋洗量无显著影响;普通肥3层施肥处理速效钾淋洗总量最高,且显著高于普通肥混施,而控释肥分层施肥中速效钾淋洗总量也是以3层施肥处理最高,且显著高于控释肥1层施肥。不同分层施肥对肥料养分淋洗率表现出较大差异,普通肥混施处理氮淋洗率为9.9%,普通肥1层、2层、3层处理淋洗率分别为6.31%,4.91%,2.70%,分层施肥各处理淋洗率均显著低于混施处理,控释肥混施处理淋洗量为3.28%,控释肥1层、2层、3层处理淋洗率分别为1.48%,2.00%,2.63%,分层施肥处理淋洗率均低于混施处理,但未达显著水平;普通肥分层施肥处理磷肥损失率为0.03%~0.05%,而控释肥分层施肥处理磷肥损失率为0.07%~0.08%,均未达显著水平;普通肥分层施肥处理中混施钾肥淋洗率为0.35%,1层、2层、3层施肥处理淋洗率分别为0.40%,0.49%,0.55%,其中3层处理淋洗率显著高于混施处理,控释肥混施处理钾肥淋洗量为0.24%,1层、2层、3层施肥处理淋洗率分别为0.20%,0.27%,0.37%,其中控释肥3层淋洗率显著高于混施处理。各处理pH总体为7.22~8.24,各次淋洗各处理间pH无显著差异,各处理电导率随着淋洗的进行出现显著的下降,第1次淋洗普通肥各处理电导率为7547.00~9360.00μS/cm,控释肥各处理电导率为5570.00~9370.00μS/cm,至第4次则分别下降为1985.67~2470.00μS/cm与1804.6In order to study the effects of different layered fertilization on nutrient transport,a soil column leaching experiment was conducted.Taking the mixed application(ploughing after fertilizer application)as control,and no fertilizer,common urea and controlled release urea were mixed with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer respectively.A layer(depth 5 cm),two layers(5,10 cm),three layers(5,10,15 cm)were applied to study the total nutrient leaching and fertilizer nutrient leaching rate under different layered fertilization treatments.The results showed that the total amount of inorganic nitrogen leaching in the layered application of common fertilizer was significantly lower than the control,and the three-layer fertilization gave the lowest.The leaching of inorganic nitrogen was generally low in all layered fertilization treatments.The application of controlled release fertilizer did not reach a significant level compared with the control.All layered fertilization treatments had no significant effect on the total leaching of available phosphorus.Compared with the mixed application,and the total amount of available potassium leaching under controlled-release fertilizer layered fertilization was also the highest in the three-layer fertilization treatment.Different layered fertilizations showed a great difference in the leaching rate of fertilizer nutrient.The nitrogen leaching rate of common fertilizer application was 9.9%,and the leaching rates of common fertilizer under one layer,two layers and three layers application treatments were 6.31%.4.91%and 2.7%respectivley,the leaching rates of layered fertilization treatments were significantly lower than that of mixed application.The leaching rate of controlled release fertilizer was 3.28%.The leaching rates of one layer,two layers and three layers applications of controlled release fertilizer were 1.48%,2.00%and 2.63%,respectively,the leaching rate of layered fertilization treatments were lower than that of mixed application,but it did not reach a significant level.The

关 键 词：控释肥 普通肥 分层施肥 养分迁移 

分 类 号：S146[农业科学—肥料学]