钙肥对盐胁迫下花生荚果发育动态的影响  

Calcium Fertilizer Affects the Development of Peanut Pod Under Salt Stress

作　　者：史晓龙[1,2] 张智猛 戴良香[1] 张冠初[1,2] 田家明[1] 丁红 慈敦伟 温赛群[1] Shi Xiaolong;Zhang Zhimeng;Dai Liangxiang;Zhang Guanchu;Tian Jiaming;Ding Hong;Ci Dunwei;Wen Saiqun(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao Shandong 266100;Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]沈阳农业大学,沈阳110161

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第20期6-12,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“滨海盐碱地花生丰产抗逆栽培生理及调控途径研究”(31771732);山东省重点研发计划项目“盐碱地花生新品种选育和高产增效关键技术研究与示范”(2016ZDJS10A02);山东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队岗位专家项目(花生)(SDAIT-04-06)

摘　　要：为了研究施用钙肥对盐胁迫下花生荚果发育动态及充实度的影响。以‘花育25’为材料,在0.3%NaCl盐胁迫水平下设置4个钙肥施用梯度[T1 (0 kg/hm^2)、T2 (75 kg/hm^2)、T3 (150 kg/hm^2)和T4 (225 kg/hm^2) Ca O]进行盆栽试验。结果表明:花生荚果干物质积累与体积膨大过程呈"慢-快-慢"的变化趋势,且均可用Logistic方程拟合。盐胁迫条件下,荚果及籽仁干物质积累和体积最大增长日(Tm)分别较CK提前4~5天和2~5天左右,最大生长速率(Vm)分别较CK均显著降低。外源钙的施入极大缓解盐胁迫对荚果膨大与充实的阻碍作用,其中T3处理最为显著。荚果及籽仁干物质积累和体积增大的最大生长速率均较T1处理显著提高,且最大增长日出现时间较T1均明显延迟,荚果充实度得到提高,最终提高产量。综合荚果发育动态、荚果充实度及产量,在0.3%盐胁迫条件下钙肥适宜施用量为150 kg/hm^2CaO。The objective is to study the effects of calcium fertilizer application on the developmental dynamics and plumpness of peanut pod under salt stress.‘Huayu 25’was used as material. Under 0.3%NaCl stress, the pot experiment was conducted with four calcium fertilizer levels: T1(0 kg/hm^2), T2(75 kg/hm^2), T3(150 kg/hm^2)and T4(225 kg/hm^2) CaO. The results showed that the dry weight accumulation of pod and volume expansion process presented a"slow-rapid-slow"trend. And the cumulative dynamics was simulated by a Logistic equation. Under salt stress, the date of maximum growth rate(Tm) of dry weight accumulation and volume of pod and kernel arrived 4-5 d and 2-5 d ahead of CK, and the maximum growth rate(Vm) was significantly lower than CK, respectively. The exogenous calcium application obviously alleviated the inhibition of peanut pods enlargement and enrichment under salt stress, and the effect of T3 was the most significant, of which the maximum growth rate of dry weight accumulation and volume increasing of pod and kernel were significantly higher than that of T1, while the date of maximum growth rate was significantly later than T1, the pod plumpness was increased, and so did the yield of peanut. According to the developmental dynamics, plumpness of peanut pods and yield, the suggested calcium fertilizer amount is 150 kg/hm^2 CaO under 0.3% salt stress.

关 键 词：花生 盐胁迫 钙肥 荚果充实度 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]