农业有机废弃物发酵CO2施肥对生菜产量及品质的影响  

Effects of CO2 Enrichment by Fermentation of Agricultural Organic Wastes on the Yield and Quality of Lettuce in the Greenhouse

作　　者：刘猷红 孟英[1] 唐傲[1] 张喜娟[1] 董文军[1] 来永才[1] LIU Youhong;MENG Ying;TANG Ao;ZHANG Xijuan;DONG Wenjun;LAI Yongcai(Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Combining Farming and Animal Husbandry,Ministry of Agriculture/Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology in Cold Region/Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation in Northeast China,Ministry of Agriculture,Harbin,Heilongjiang 150086)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所农业部种养结合重点实验室黑龙江省寒地作物生理生态重点实验室农业部东北地区作物栽培科学观测试验站

出　　处：《北方园艺》2019年第14期12-18,共7页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：哈尔滨市应用技术研究与开发资助项目(2016RAQYJ085);哈尔滨市杰出人才资助项目(2015RAYXJ006)

摘　　要：以美国"大速生菜"为试验材料,鸡粪和稻草为发酵原料,采用农业有机废弃物发酵CO2施肥技术研究CO2加富对生菜生物学性状、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:利用农业有机废弃物发酵进行CO2施肥可维持温室内CO2浓度725 mg·L^-1左右,提高冬季温室白天温度0.80℃,夜间温度0.38℃,显著提高生菜的株高、叶片数和SPAD,总产提高92.23%,并可提早7 d上市;与对照温室相比,显著增加了生菜中的可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和维生素C含量,明显降低硝酸盐含量。因此,该项技术在寒地设施蔬菜生产中应用既可解决大量农业有机废弃物对环境的污染,又可解决温室CO2亏缺、提高作物产量和品质,并可产生较高的经济和社会效益。The effects of CO2 enrichment by fermentation of organic wastes(chicken manure and rice straw)on the growth,yield,and quality of lettuce(’Dasushengcai’)were carried out in the greenhouses.The results showed that fertilization using CO2 produced by fermentation of agricultural organic waste could maintain the concentration of CO2 at about 725 mg·L^-1,and also increased the daytime temperature by 0.80℃and the nighttime temperature by 0.38℃of the greenhouse in winter.Furthermore,the plant height,the leaves number and leaf SPAD value of lettuce were significantly increased.Moreover,it could increase the total yield by 92.23%and harvest 7 days earlier.Besides,the quality of lettuce was obviously improved by CO2 enrichment,of which the soluble protein,soluble sugar and vitamin C content in lettuce were significantly increased,and the nitrate content was significantly reduced.Therefore,the application of this technology in the vegetable production of cold facilities could not only solve the environmental pollution of a large number of agricultural organic wastes,but also solve the greenhouse CO2 deficiency,improve crop yield and quality,and produce high economic and social benefits.

关 键 词：有机废弃物 日光温室 生菜 CO2施肥 产量和品质 

分 类 号：S636.206.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]