中国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究  

The Abundance-deficiency Indices of Soil Available P and Appropriate Phosphorus Application Rates for Wheat in China

作　　者：孙洪仁[1] 张吉萍 冮丽华 吕玉才 王应海 Sun Hongren;Zhang Jiping;Gang Lihua;Lv Yucai;Wang Yinghai(Institute of Grassland Science,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Beijing Cofine Sci. & Tech Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100095;Beijing Potato Net Agriculture Science Academy,Beijing 100043;Beijing Insentek Technology Co.,Ltd,Beijing 100086)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学草地研究所,北京100193 [2]凯风新农(北京)科技有限公司,北京100095 [3]北京薯网农业科学研究院,北京100043 [4]北京东方润泽生态科技股份有限公司,北京100086

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第21期30-37,共8页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设项目“现代牧草产业技术体系建设”(CARS-35)

摘　　要：本文系统总结了中国开展的小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标与适宜施磷量研究。结果表明:30年来中国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标显著提高;小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标不同区域之间差异很大,以缺磷处理相对产量90%指标为例,土壤Olsen-P含量低者<15mg/kg,高者>35mg/kg;除黄淮海平原、关中灌区和河套灌区外,中国小麦土壤有效磷丰缺指标研究存在很多空白区域;小麦土壤缺磷较为普遍,第2~4级为土壤有效磷集中分布的丰缺级别,缺磷处理相对产量大多处在70%~100%;土壤养分丰缺指标研究的试验点数不宜过少,丰缺指标高端和低端采用外推数据需谨慎,并应予以注明;适宜施磷量与土壤有效磷丰缺级别线性负相关,与小麦目标产量线性正相关,与磷肥当季利用率线性负相关;当磷肥当季利用率20%、目标产量3~12t/hm^2时,土壤有效磷丰缺级别第1~7级的小麦适宜施磷量范围依次为0~0、17~66、33~132、50~198、66~264、83~330、99~396kg/hm^2。In this paper,researches on abundance-deficiency index(ADI)of soil available P for wheat(SAPFW)and appropriate phosphorus fertilizer application rate(APFAR)conducted in China were systematically summarized.The results showed that the ADI of SAPFW in China was improved significantly in recent 30 years.There were considerable differences in different regions.For the index of 90%relative yield(RY)of P deficiency,soil Olsen-P changed from<15 mg/kg to>35 mg/kg.Except the Huanghuaihai plain,the Guanzhong irrigation area and the Hetao irrigation area,researches on ADI of SAPFW in China had many blank regions.Soil phosphorus deficiency for wheat in China were common,and the abundance-deficiency levels of SAPFW focused on level 2 to 4,and most relative yields of P deficiency treatments were between 70%to 100%.For research on ADI of soil nutrient,the number of trial sites should not be too few,and using extrapolating data for the high-end and low-end of ADI should be careful and indicated.APFAR and the abundance-deficiency level of SAPFW had a linear negative correlation.APFAR and the yield goal of wheat had a linear positive correlation.APFAR and the phosphorus fertilizer use efficiency in current season(PFUEICS)had a linear negative correlation.When the PFUEICS was 20%and the target yield was 3-12 t/hm^2,the APFAR for the SAPFW abundance-deficiency level 1-7 from high to low was 0-0,17-66,33-132,50-198,66-264,83-330 and 99-396 kg/hm^2,respectively.

关 键 词：测土施肥 土壤有效磷 OLSEN-P ASI-P 肥力指标 施肥量 

分 类 号：S153.6.S519[农业科学—土壤学]