施肥方式和施氮量对川西平原机插稻产量和氮肥利用的影响  

Fertilization Method and Nitrogen Rate Affect Yield and Nitrogen Utilization of Machine-transplanted Rice in West Sichuan Plain

作　　者：易茜 任丹华 朱从桦[1] 欧阳裕元 余俊奇 黄豹明 罗粞 姜心禄[1] 李旭毅[1,3] 郑家国 Yi Qian;Ren Danhua;Zhu Conghua;Ouyang Yuyuan;Yu Junqi;Huang Baoming;Luo Xi;Jiang Xinlu;Li Xuyi;Zheng Jiaguo(Crop Research Institute of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066;Sichuan Agricultural Machinery Technology Promotion Station,Chengdu 610041;Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology,and Cultivation in Southwest China,Chengdu 611130)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院作物研究所,成都610066 [2]四川省农机化技术推广总站,成都610041 [3]作物生理生态及栽培四川省重点实验室,成都611130

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2019年第22期1-5,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发“水稻优质高效品种筛选及其配套栽培技术”(2016YFD0300506);四川省科技计划项目“优质川稻(米)绿色化种植与深加工技术集成研究与产业化示范”(2017NZ0062)、“水稻机械化侧深施肥丰产增效机制及配套技术研究”(2018JY0630);四川省财政创新能力提升工程“增密和优化水氮管理对稻田土壤微生物群落结构的影响”(2017QNJJ-031)

摘　　要：为研究施肥方式和施氮量对川西平原机插水稻产量形成和氮肥利用的影响,本研究以‘天优华占’为材料,采用裂区试验设计,主区因素为2种施肥方式(人工撒施和机械侧深施);副区因素为2种施氮量(180 kg/hm^2和144 kg/hm^2,分别记为N180和N144)。分析各处理水稻齐穗期和成熟期干物质积累量、产量及产量构成因素。结果表明:机械侧深施肥能够显著提高川西平原单季稻产量及氮肥利用率。与人工撒施处理相比,机械侧深施处理有效穗、每穗粒数、产量、氮肥偏生产力和氮肥农学利用率分别增加0.39%、6.60%、4.97%、4.79%和18.54%。侧深施肥条件下,N180处理干物质积累量、有效穗数和籽粒产量显著高于N144处理。180 kg/hm^2氮肥撒施处理的产量比144 kg/hm^2氮肥机械侧深施处理增加2.87%。可见,机械侧深施技术既能降低施肥成本,又能稳产,值得大面积推广应用。To investigate the effects of fertilization method and nitrogen rate on yield formation and nitrogen utilization of machine-transplanted rice in West Sichuan Plain,‘Tianyouhuazhan’was used as material,and the split-plot field experiment was conducted with two fertilization methods(manual broadcasting,mechanical side deep fertilization)as the main factor and two nitrogen rates(180 kg/hm^2 and 144 kg/hm^2,denoted by N180 and N144,respectively)as the subplot factor,and dry matter accumulation at full heading and maturity stages,yield and yield components were analyzed among the treatments.The results showed that the yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency of machine-transplanted rice was significantly increased by mechanical side deep fertilization in West Sichuan Plain.Compared with manual broadcasting,the effective panicle,grain number per panicle,yield,nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency with mechanical side deep fertilization was increased by 0.39%,6.60%,4.97%,4.79%and 18.54%,respectively.Under mechanical side deep fertilization treatment,dry matter accumulation,effective panicle and yield of N180 were obviously higher than those of N144.Compared with 144 kg N/hm^2 mechanical side deep fertilization,180 kg N/hm^2 manual broadcasting only increased yield by 2.87%.Hence,mechanical side deep fertilization technology not only reduces the fertilization cost,but also stabilizes the yield,which is worth popularizing and applying in a larger area.

关 键 词：水稻 机械侧深施肥 施氮量 产量 氮肥利用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]