不同施肥处理对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质和油菜产量的影响  

Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments on Physical and Chemical Properties of Coal Mining Subsidence Reclaimed Soil and Rape Yield

作　　者：冯鹏艳 梁利宝[1] 许剑敏[1] FENG Pengyan;LIANG Libao;XU Jianmin(College of Resources and Environment,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学资源环境学院

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2019年第8期1375-1379,1415,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省土壤环境与养分资源重点实验室开放基金课题项目(2016004)

摘　　要：为了研究不同施肥处理对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质和油菜生长的影响,找到有效的复垦方式,采用油菜盆栽试验方法,研究不同有机肥(鸡粪(CM)、兔粪(RM)、牛粪(BM))、无机肥(KH2PO4、K2HPO4、过磷酸钙(SSP))对采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质和油菜养分、产量的影响。结果表明,施用不同肥料都增加了复垦土壤的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾的含量以及油菜的产量,无机肥对油菜的生长和产量的影响较大,其中,KH2PO4和K2HPO4处理的油菜株高、鲜质量和干质量的增长幅度均大于有机肥处理;有机肥对改善复垦土壤理化性质效果更明显,有机肥处理的复垦土壤有机质含量比对照显著增加了38.39%~76.60%,其中,牛粪处理最为显著;无机肥处理降低了土壤有机质含量和pH值。综合比较可知,施用有机肥是改善采煤塌陷区复垦土壤理化性质、提高土壤肥力比较好的施肥模式,牛粪和兔粪是较好的肥料。To study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and the growth of rapeseed in coal mining subsidence area,and to find an effective method of reclamation was found,using rapeseed pot experiment,the paper studied the effects of different organic fertilizers(chicken manure(CM),rabbit manure(RM),cow dung(BM))and inorganic fertilizer(KH2PO4,K2HPO4,calcium superphosphate(SSP))on the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil and nutrients and yield of rapeseed.The results showed that the application of different fertilizers increased the available nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium contents and the yield of rapeseed.The inorganic fertilizer had a great influence on the growth and yield of rapeseed.The increase of plant height,fresh quality and dry quality of rapeseed treated with KH2PO4 and K2HPO4 were higher than that of organic fertilizer treatment.Organic fertilizer had more obvious effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil,and the organic matter content of organic fertilizer treatment increased by 38.39%-76.6%compared with the control,of which cow dung was most significant,inorganic fertilizer treatment reduced soil organic matter content and pH value.Therefore,the application of organic manure is a fertilization mode that improves the physical and chemical properties of reclaimed soil in coal mining subsidence area and improves soil fertility,cow dung and rabbit manure are better fertilizers.

关 键 词：施肥 复垦土壤 理化性质 油菜 

分 类 号：S153[农业科学—土壤学]