基于标准化种植模式下4GQB-3300枸杞采摘机设计与脱果试验  

Design and fruit drop experiment of 4GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester based on standardized planting mode

作　　者：赵映 肖宏儒 王新江 石志刚[3] 梅松 丁文芹 Zhao Ying;Xiao Hongru;Wang Xinjiang;Shi Zhigang;Mei Song;Ding Wenqin(Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization ,Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs ,Nanjing,210014 ,China;Wuxi worldbest kama power co. ,Ltd. ,Wuxi,214000,China;Ningjcia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences ,Yinchuan ,750002 ,China)

机构地区：[1]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210014 [2]无锡华源凯马发动机有限公司,江苏无锡214000 [3]宁夏农林科学院,银川市750002

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2019年第6期43-51,共9页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0701203);宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大科技项目(nxzdkjxm2016-04-03);中国农科院创新工程—果蔬茶类收获机械

摘　　要：为深入研究辊刷式枸杞果-柄脱离分离特性,寻求影响分离效果因素的最优组合,建立枸杞辊刷脱果受力模型,测试枸杞脱果基础力学性能,提出辊刷脱果损伤因素分析,设计手携式小型辊刷脱果装置,可实现辊间距、辊齿距离、辊齿可更换,围绕枸杞采摘质量指标进行辊刷脱果影响因素的正交回归试验,并进行脱果质量影响综合评估分析。试验表明,综合影响辊刷式脱果质量指标的主次因素为:C>B>A,最优参数组合为A1B3C1,即辊齿间距40 mm,辊齿转速1 200 r/min,辊齿硬度30 HA。方差分析结果表明:在95%的置信度下,辊齿间距、辊齿转速、辊齿硬度对枸杞脱果质量的影响均不显著性,辊齿硬度显著性略高,试验数据为4GQB-3300标准化种植模下枸杞试验台提供设计依据。为进一步研究枸杞机械化连续收获技术,设计4GQB-3300标准化种植模下枸杞试验台,并开展田间试验。田间试验表明:整株枝条分布在农艺要求位置枝条,连续起枝率为78%,对满足农艺要求单枝条熟果脱果率72.3%,青果脱落率为8.5%,含杂率为7.7%,成熟枸杞破损率33.2%,该思路围绕枸杞机械化连续收获提出一种农机、农艺融合模式的新思路。For further research on Lycium L. roller brush fruit-stalk separation from separation characteristics, to seek the optimal combination of the factors influencing the separation effect, Lycium L. roller brush fruit drop force model was established, mechanical basing properties Lycium L. fruit-stalk separation were been tested. Put forward, the small Lycium L. roller brush fruit drop device were designed, The roller tooth speed and distance can be adjusted, roller tooth can be replaced. And then, Orthogonal regression test was carried out to evaluate the influence factors of fruit drop quality of Lycium L., comprehensive evaluation and analysis were established of fruit quality impact. The test shows that comprehensive impact fruit drop quality index of primary and secondary factors as follows: C>B>A, the optimal parameter combination is A1B3C1, namely, roller tooth distance 40 mm, roller tooth speed 1 200 r/min, and roller tooth hardness 30 HA. The results showed that: at 95% confidence, the influence of roller spacing, roller speed and roller hardness on the Lycium L. fruit drop quality was not significant, and the hardness of roller teeth was slightly higher. This test data provided the design basis for 4 GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester under the standard planting model. In order to further research the mechanized continuous harvesting technology of Lycium L., the 4 GQB-3300 Lycium L. harvester was designed, and the field experiment was carried out. The experiment made a great breakthrough, and there were some problems, which still needed further research and exploration. The field test showed that the branches were distributed in the required position, the fruit drop rate was 78%.Meet the agronomic requirements of single branches, the fruit drop rate of ripe fruit was 72.3%, the fruit drop rate of not ripe fruit was 8.5%, the impurity rate was 7.7%, the damage rate of mature medlar was 33.2%.This paper put forward a new idea of continuous mechanized harvesting technology of lycium Land a new mode research of agric

关 键 词：农业机械 收获机械 标准种植 脱果 枸杞 

分 类 号：S225.93[农业科学—农业机械化工程]