南京市3～6岁学龄前儿童超重肥胖的调查及影响因素分析  

Investigation on overweight and obesity of 3-6-year-old preschool children in Nanjing and analysis on the influencing factors

作　　者：丁小燕[1] 洪平[1] 徐凯[2] 张蕴琨[2] DING Xiao-Yan;HONG Ping;XU Kai(Department of Physical Education,Sanjiang College,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210012,China)

机构地区：[1]三江学院体育部,江苏南京210012 [2]南京体育学院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《中国妇幼保健》2019年第14期3293-3296,共4页Maternal and Child Health Care of China

基　　金：国家体育总局科研课题(2015B072);江苏省学生体质健康促进研究中心课题(2018B026)

摘　　要：目的了解南京市3~6岁学龄前儿童超重肥胖的现状并探索影响因素,为幼儿科学膳食和制定干预对策提供参考依据。方法抽取南京市3~6岁学龄前儿童311例,以身高别体质量作为诊断超重和肥胖的指标,选取97例超重肥胖儿童,以168例正常体质量儿童为对照组,向儿童主要看护人发放问卷,获取儿童家庭情况、膳食选择、膳食习惯和身体活动等与儿童超重肥胖的相关信息,以儿童是否超重肥胖为因变量,影响儿童超重肥胖的35个因素为自变量,进行单因素和多因素Logistic回归分析。结果①南京市3~6岁儿童超重率为19. 29%,肥胖率为11. 90%。其中男童超重率为17. 32%,女童超重率为21. 97%,男童肥胖率为11. 73%,女童肥胖率为12. 12%,3岁女童的超重肥胖率高于男童(P=0. 045);②单因素Logistic回归分析显示看护人文化程度、是否高收入家庭、每日餐数、是否每日摄入粗杂粮、是否每日食用油炸食品、是否每日饮用甜饮料、是否周末锻炼等7个变量差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 05),多因素Logistic回归分析显示看护人文化程度、是否高收入家庭、每日餐数、是否每日摄入粗杂粮、是否每日饮用甜饮料、是否周末锻炼等6个变量差异有统计学意义(均P<0. 05),其中高收入家庭、每日餐数多、每日饮用甜饮料是儿童超重肥胖的危险因素,看护人文化程度高、每日摄入粗杂粮、周末锻炼是儿童超重肥胖的保护因素。结论南京市3~6岁儿童超重肥胖率处于较高水平,儿童超重肥胖受多种因素的共同影响。Objective To understand the status of overweight and obesity in preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Nanjing,explore the influencing factors,provide a reference basis for children’s scientific diet and formulation of intervention strategies. Methods A total of311 preschool children aged 3-6 years old were selected from Nanjing. Weight for height standard( WHO,2006) was used as diagnostic index of overweight and obesity. Ninety-seven overweight and obesity children were selected,and 168 childen with normal weight were selected as control group. The main caregivers were surveyed by a questionnaire to obtain family status,dietary choices,dietary habits,physical activity,and other related information,the dependent variable was overweight and obesity or not,35 influencing factors of overweight and obesity were taken as independent variables for univariate and multivariate Logistic regression model. Results The incidence rates of overweight and obesity among the preschool children aged 3-6 years old in Nanjing were 19. 29% and 11. 90%,respectively. The incidence rates of overweight of boys and girls were 17. 32% and 21. 97%,respectively. The incidence rates of obesity of boys and girls were 11. 73% and 12. 12%,respectively. The incidence rates of overweight and obesity of 3-year-old girls were statistically significantly higher than those of 3-year-old boys( P = 0. 045).Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in educational level of caregivers,high family income or not,the number of daily meals,daily intake of coarse grains,daily consumption of fried foods or not,daily drinking sweet drinks or not,exercise regularly on weekends or not( P<0. 05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences in educational level of caregivers,high family income or not,the number of daily meals,daily intake of coarse grains,daily drinking sweet drinks or not,exercise regularly on weekends or not( P < 0. 05),high fam

关 键 词：学龄前儿童 超重 肥胖 影响因素 

分 类 号：R589.2[医药卫生—内分泌]