全球大豆贸易格局变化对我国大豆产业的影响及对策选择  

The Impact and Countermeasures Option of Global Soybean Trade Pattern Change on China′s Soybean Industry

作　　者：崔宁波[1] 刘望[1] CUI Ning-bo;LIU Wang(College of Economics and Management,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学经济管理学院

出　　处：《大豆科学》2019年第4期629-634,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金(18YJA790100);黑龙江省社会科学基金(17JYB080);黑龙江省教育厅(12512013)

摘　　要：2019年中央一号文件提出"实施重要农产品保障战略""科学确定国内重要农产品保障水平""主动扩大国内紧缺农产品进口,拓展多元化进口渠道",时隔17年再次提出"实施大豆振兴计划"并首次写入中央一号文件。大豆是中国统筹利用国内外两个市场、两种资源最具代表性的产品。中美贸易摩擦给国内外大豆市场带来了深远影响,世界大豆贸易流向出现显著变化,对中国的大豆进口多元化布局、大豆生产布局和国内农业供给侧结构调整带来较大冲击。因此,如何应对全球大豆贸易格局变化对我国大豆产业所造成的风险尤为重要。首先,加强与"一带一路"沿线国家合作;其次,认清我国大豆产业链发展短板,推进农业供给侧结构性改革;再次,支持大豆主产区转型升级发挥区域优势,提高国产大豆自给率;最后,提高饲用豆粕有效利用率,大力增强饲料技术创新,通过进口杂粕、菜粕等代替豆粕,降低大豆进口依赖。In 2019, the‘No.1 Central Document’put forward the‘Implementation of Important Agricultural Product Protection Strategy’‘Scientifically determine the level of safe agricultural products in China’‘Proactively expand imports of domestically shortaged agricultural products, and expand diversified import channels’. After 17 years, the ‘Implementation of Soybean Revitalization Plan’ was again proposed, and the first time to write in the central No. 1 file. Soybean is the most representative product of China′s two markets and two resources. Sino-US trade friction has brought far-reaching impact on the domestic and international soybean market. The world soybean trade flow has undergone significant changes, which has brought great impact on China′s diversified soybean import layout, soybean production layout and domestic agricultural supply side structure adjustment. Therefore, how to deal with the changes in the global soybean trade pattern is particularly important for China′s soybean industry. Firstly, strengthen cooperation with countries along the ‘Belt and Road’. Secondly, recognize the shortcomings of China′s soybean industry chain development and promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side. Thirdly, support the transformation and upgrading of the main soybean production areas to play a regional advantage and improve the self-sufficiency rate of domestic soybeans. Finally, improve the effective utilization rate of feed soybean meal, vigorously enhance feed technology innovation, and replace soybean meal by importing miscellaneous meal, rapeseed meal, etc., and reduce dependence on soybean imports.

关 键 词：贸易格局变化 中美贸易摩擦 大豆产业 对策选择 

分 类 号：F313.7[经济管理—产业经济] F746