生活能源、农村居民的健康风险和能源扶贫  

Solid Fuels Utilization, Health Equity and Energy Poverty Alleviation in Rural China

作　　者：方黎明[1] 刘贺邦 FANG Liming;LIU Hebang

机构地区：[1]对外经济贸易大学保险学院

出　　处：《农业技术经济》2019年第7期115-125,共11页Journal of Agrotechnical Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“老年人健康风险的社会决定因素、风险链及其管理”(编号:14BSH141)

摘　　要：以固体燃料作为主要生活能源导致的室内空气污染是当前全球和中国面临的最重要的环境健康威胁。基于2014年中国劳动力动态调查数据,本文使用工具变量法考察了生活能源的使用对不同经济状况的农村居民健康风险影响的差异。结果发现:(1)以固体燃料作为做饭主要生活能源增加了农村居民的健康风险,但随着收入的增长,其带来的健康风险呈现下降趋势,低收入和贫困居民因使用固体燃料健康受损更严重;(2)贫困居民安装油烟机的概率更低,遭受油烟浓度更高和住房通风条件更差等可能是导致他们在使用固体燃料时遭受的健康风险比经济状况较好的居民更为严重的重要原因。农村扶贫需要改变以固体燃料为主的生活能源结构。Indoor air pollution caused by incomplete combustion of solid fuels is the most important environmental health threat to not only China but the whole world. Based on the 2014 national survey, this paper examines the impact of cooking solid fuel on the health risks of rural residents using the instrumental variable method. The results show that:(1) Solid fuels have greatly increased the health risks of rural residents;however. However,as the rural residents’ incomes increase, the health risks from solid fuels decline. Moreover, the poor suffer more from health risks.(2) Compared with other rural residents, the poor have a lower probability of installing hoods. Thus higher levels of soot and poor ventilation in their homesmay be the important reason whypoorer residents face more health risks than wealthier residents.Therefore, rural poverty alleviation needs to change the rural energy structure.

关 键 词：能源结构 固体燃料 空气污染 健康公平 健康中国 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学] F323.8[医药卫生—卫生事业管理] F323.214[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]