基于地形的牲畜空间利用特征及干扰评价——以王朗国家级自然保护区为例  

Impact of livestock terrain utilization patterns on wildlife: A case study of Wanglang National Nature Reserve

作　　者：陈星 赵联军 胡茜茜 罗春平 梁春平 蒋仕伟 梁磊 郑维超[3] 官天培[1] Chen Xing;Zhao Lianjun;Hu Xixi;Luo Chunping;Liang Chunping;Jiang Shiwei;Liang Lei;Zheng Weichao;Guan Tianpei(Ecological Security and Protection Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Mianyang Teachers’ College, Mianyang, Sichuan 621000;Wanglang National Nature Reserve, Pingwu, Sichuan 622550;Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve, Qingchuan, Sichuan 628100)

机构地区：[1]绵阳师范学院生态安全与保护四川省重点实验室,四川绵阳621000 [2]王朗国家级自然保护区,四川平武622550 [3]唐家河国家级自然保护区,四川青川628100

出　　处：《生物多样性》2019年第6期630-637,共8页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31300319)

摘　　要：地形是栖息地的基本要素,从地形评价动物的空间利用特征能够掌握动物的分布规律并进行预测。为掌握保护区内牲畜的空间利用特征,并评价它们对主要保护动物的潜在影响,我们于2018年5–11月调查了王朗国家级自然保护区内牛和马的分布,并结合红外相机监测结果及历史监测数据进行了分析和评价。结果表明:(1)虽然两种牲畜均偏好低海拔、低坡度、光照良好(半阳坡、阳坡)、距水源近的栖息地,但它们在地形利用上存在显著差异;(2)牲畜活动最频繁的三条沟分别是竹根岔右一支沟、竹根岔正沟和大窝凼洋洞沟,且呈现不同的干扰特征;(3)基于监测数据,羚牛(Budorcas taxicolor tibetana)可能是保护区内最易受牛马活动威胁的保护动物。红外相机监测结果显示,羚牛沿海拔分布现状可能是回避牲畜密集区域的结果。基于本研究,我们建议:(1)保护区重点关注竹根岔(右一支沟、正沟、白沙沟)、大窝凼(洋洞沟、外侧坡)两个核心区的牲畜活动情况,并尽快针对放牧采取措施。例如,持续监测重点干扰区域牲畜的种群数量和空间分布趋势。(2)严格限制牲畜继续向高海拔栖息地入侵。(3)管控放牧投盐等干扰的发生频率。(4)加强执法力度,防止牲畜对保护区带来的干扰持续和扩大,威胁物种安全。Terrain use is a fundamental factor of wildlife habitat and is closely related to other environmental factors. To assess the impact of cattle and horse on wildlife, we conducted field surveys in Wanglang National Nature Reserve and analyzed terrain preferences. We also deployed infrared cameras and historical biodiversity data to evaluate the risk of disturbance to key protected species based on altitudinal distribution of livestock. Results showed:(1) Both horse and cattle preferred low altitude habitats with low slopes, close to water with half to full sun aspects. However, there was also significant differences in terrain use between these two domestic animals.(2) The areas with the most frequent disturbance by livestock in the Wanglang Nature Reserve were Youyizhigou and Zhenggou in Zhugencha, and Yangdonggou in Dawodang.(3) Based on historical data, takin(Budorcas taxicolor tibetana) is likely the most influenced wildlife species, as the degree of overlap with livestock along altitudinal gradients is very high. Infrared camera data showed that areas frequented by livestock had fewer takin individuals recorded, indicating a negative relationship due to co-existence. Based on our findings, we suggest,(1) nature reserve should focus livestock in two core areas of Zhugencha(Youyizhigou, Zhenggou and Baishagou) and Dawodang(Yangdonggou and Waicepo) by monitoring the population and distribution of livestock in these areas;(2) they should prohibit the dispersal and distribution of livestock towards higher elevations;(3) the frequency with which local herdsman feed livestock salt needs to be controlled;(4) the strength of law enforcement towards illegal herds should be elevated.

关 键 词：海拔 栖息地 放牧 西南地区 大熊猫 国家公园 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]