儿童颅骨发育的研究进展  

Research progress of skull development in children

作　　者：周昊 吉瑶 赵志军[1] 张春阳[1] 董艳芳[1] ZHOU Hao;JI Yao;ZHAO Zhi-jun(Department of Neurosurgery,The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College,Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology,Baotou 014000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古科技大学包头医学院第一附属医院神经外科

出　　处：《临床神经外科杂志》2019年第4期366-368,共3页Journal of Clinical Neurosurgery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81660214,51572144);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(201702101);内蒙古自治区卫生厅资助项目(201701097)

摘　　要：儿童颅骨生长发育迅速、形态变化明显,慢性颅脑疾病导致的颅骨形态改变较缓慢,在前期往往不易察觉,给临床医生早期判断儿童颅脑疾病带来了一定难度。儿童在遭受颅脑创伤或病理性骨折后易引起颅骨缺损,临床医生在对缺损进行手术修补时,若修补时机选择不当,可能造成儿童颅骨发育畸形。由于目前缺乏全面、规范的关于儿童颅骨发育各个阶段、各项指标的参考标准,大部分医生还是依据临床经验来判断儿童颅骨生长发育的异常情况或选择手术时机,因此,制定一份客观、准确的儿童颅骨发育参考标准就显得尤为必要。目前常用的研究儿童颅骨发育的指标包括头围、颅长、颅宽、颅高、双耳过顶线、眉心-枕后粗隆连线、颅腔容积及头颅形状等;其中头围、颅腔容积、颅骨形状是最基本、最重要的几个指标。本文分别对这些儿童颅骨发育指标的研究进展予以综述。Children's skulls grow rapidly and have obvious morphological changes.The skull shape changes caused by chronic craniocerebral diseases are slow,and they are often difficult to detect in the early stage,which makes it difficult for clinicians to judge children's craniocerebral diseases early.Children who suffer from craniocerebral trauma or after pathological fracture are easy to have skull defect.If the clinician repairs the defect and the timing of repair is improper,it may cause deformity of the skull in children.Due to the lack of comprehensive and standardized reference standards for various stages and indicators of children's skull development,most doctors still judge the abnormal situation of children's skull growth and development or choose the timing of surgery based on clinical experience.Therefore,to develop an objective and accurate children's skull development reference standards are particularly necessary.At present,the commonly used indicators for the study of children's skull development include head circumference,cranial length,cranial width,cranial height,binaural over-the-line,eyebrow-posterior trochanteric line,intracranial volume and skull shape,among which head circumference and intracranial volume skull shape is the most basic and most important indicators.This paper summarizes its research progress.

关 键 词：儿童 颅骨发育 头围变化 颅腔容积 颅骨形状 

分 类 号：R726.8[医药卫生—儿科] R681.1[医药卫生—临床医学]