药品安全事件中公众应对行为的形成机制  

The Formation Mechanism of the Public’s Coping Behavior in Drug Safety Events

作　　者：李华强 龚乐 范春梅[2] Li Huaqiang;Gong Le;Fan Chunmei(School of Public Affairs and Law,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,610031,China;School of Economics and Management,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu,610031,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学公共管理与政法学院,成都610031 [2]西南交通大学经济管理学院,成都610031

出　　处：《公共管理学报》2019年第3期97-107,172,173,共13页Journal of Public Management

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(17YJC630056);四川省科技计划软科学研究项目(2019JDR0216)

摘　　要：深入了解药品安全事件中公众应对行为的形成机制是管理部门完善监管体制和制定有效风险沟通策略的重要前提。本文以疫苗事件为例,采用扎根理论的方法分析微博数据,构建公众应对行为形成机制的理论模型。研究发现:在"事件情境-心理感知"作用路径中,事件属性、信息源和信息渠道会影响公众的心理感知;在"心理感知-应对行为"作用路径中,公众基于风险感知、利益相关者感知、心理距离感知和行为感知,通过行为决策过程,做出应对行为选择;公众应对行为包括问题聚焦型应对和情绪聚焦型应对两类。研究结论对于引导公众形成合理的应对行为,减少药品安全事件造成的负面影响具有重要参考价值。The objective of this paper is to clarify the public’s coping behaviors in drug safety events and unfold their formation mechanism. And a qualitative method of grounded theory was applied to analyze the micro-blog data of ten typical vaccine events in China. The analysis reveals that the public’s coping behavior is formed through the two phases of "event situation-psychological perception" and "psychological perception-coping behavior". Meanwhile public psychological perception is influenced by event attributes, information sources and information channels and the process is moderated by the characteristics of public and event response;psychological perception includes risk perception, stakeholder perception, psychological distance perception and behavioral perception, which have an impact on the public’s coping behavior. Then the public’s coping behavior includes problem-focused response and emotion-focused response. However the limitations of this paper lies in two aspects: First, this study solely took the vaccine events as cases. It requires further researches to test whether the results can be generalized to other risky events. Second, most of the data in this study came from individuals aged under thirty, which makes it hard to represent all individuals in the events.Based on the theoretical framework and results in this study, governmental departments can improve regulations and devise more effective risk communication strategies, in the perspective of event contexts, risk perceptions and coping behaviors. Indeedly, this study proposed a complete model to explain the formation of individuals’ coping behaviors in the vaccine events. It revealed the impacts of context factors on various psychological perceptions, clarified how perceptions would affect the coping behavior, and identified the category of coping behaviors. The results contribute valuable improvement to the individual-context interactive theory.

关 键 词：药品安全事件 应对行为 形成机制 风险沟通 

分 类 号：C913[经济管理]