广东省职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎病例分布特征分析  

Analyzing the epidemiologic characteristics of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene in Guangdong Province

作　　者：金佳纯[1] 黄健 柳柳 李来玉[1] 黄永顺[1] 夏丽华[1] 黄汉林[1,2] JIN Jiachun;HUANG Jian;LIU Liu;LI Laiyu;HUANG Yongshun;XIA Lihua;HUANG Hanlin(Guangdong Province Hospital for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]广东省妇幼保健院,511400

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2019年第3期302-306,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81502769);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划(2014BAI12B01);国家临床重点专科建设项目(2011-09);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)

摘　　要：目的分析广东省职业性三氯乙烯药疹样皮炎(OMDT)病例的分布特征。方法通过病历资料、国家职业病网络报告系统和文献检索等途径,收集1988-2016年广东省职业病诊断机构诊断的OMDT病例资料进行分析。结果广东省1988-2016年共诊断475例OMDT病例,治愈率为91.4%(434/475),病死率为8.6%(41/475)。病例均有明确三氯乙烯(TCE)接触史,均为首次接触TCE;发病潜伏期中位数为30 d。病例工作场所空气中TCE时间加权平均浓度超标率为80.7%(171/212);尿中TCA水平超标率为75.0%(123/164)。OMDT病例发病高峰年份为1999-2006年,占病例总数的64.0%(304/475);但发病无季节聚集性。OMDT病例所在企业集中于珠江三角洲地区,以深圳市和东莞市多见,共占62.9%。病例发病年龄中位数为22岁,30岁及以下病例占81.9%;男女性别比例为1.2∶1.0;57.7%(274/475)病例籍贯为我国南方地区。95.4%(453/475)的病例来源于电子厂、五金厂、电镀厂等制造业企业。结论广东省OMDT病例地区、发病年龄、籍贯、职业的分布均呈现一定聚集性。Objective To analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of occupational medicamentosa-like dermatitis induced by trichloroethylene( OMDT) in Guangdong Province. Methods The data of OMDT cases diagnosed by Guangdong occupational disease diagnosis institutions from 1988 to 2016 was collected and analyzed. The data of OMDT come from medical records,the National Occupational Disease Network Reporting System and literature retrieval. Results A total of 475 cases of OMDT were diagnosed in Guangdong Province during 1988 to 2016. The recovery rate was 91. 4%( 434/475),and the fatality rate was 8. 6%( 41/475). All cases had a clear history of trichloroethylene( TCE) exposure and had not been exposed to TCE prior to the present exposure. The median incubation period was 30 days. The exceeding standard rate of TCE time weighted average concentration was 80. 7%( 171/212),and the exceeding standard rate of urine trichloroacetic acid was 75. 0%( 123/164). The years that have most OMDT cases were from 1999 to 2006,which accounted for 64. 0%( 304/475);but there was no seasonal aggregation. The enterprises of OMDT cases concentrated in the Pearl River Delta Region,with Shenzhen City and Dongguan City accounting for 62. 9%. The median age of onset was22 years old,81. 9% of cases were 30 years old or below. The male-female ratio was 1. 2 ∶ 1. 0;57. 7%( 274/475) cases were from southern China. Meanwhile,95. 4%( 453/475) of the cases came from the manufacturing industry such as electronics factory,hardware factory,electroplating factory and others. Conclusion The distribution of OMDT cases on area,age of onset,native place and occupation in Guangdong Province showed a certain aggregation.

关 键 词：三氯乙烯 皮炎 分布特征 聚集性 

分 类 号：R135.7[医药卫生—劳动卫生]