应用3种风险评估方法评估某飞机维修企业苯及苯系物职业健康风险  

Comparison of occupational health risk rating for benzene and its analogues in an aircraft maintenance enterprise using three risk assessment methods

作　　者：张金鑫 陈慧峰[1] 闫雪华[1] 赵雷[1] 黎丽春[1] 林健 ZHANG Jinxin;CHEN Huifeng;YAN Xuehua;ZHAO Lei;LI Lichun;LIN Jian(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory ofOccupational Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省职业病防治院,广东省职业病防治重点实验室,广东广州510300 [2]南方医科大学,510000 [3]深圳市龙华新区疾病预防控制中心,深圳518131

出　　处：《中国职业医学》2019年第3期335-339,共5页China Occupational Medicine

基　　金：广东省医学科研基金(A2018384,B2016017);广东省职业病防治重点实验室(2017B030314152)

摘　　要：目的探讨3种风险评估方法评估某飞机维修企业工作场所苯及苯系物职业健康风险的适用性。方法以某飞机维修企业中涉及苯及苯系物接触的复合材料车间、结构车间、机电车间为研究对象,分别采用职业性化学危害风险评估优化指标体系(以下简称"优化指标体系")、新加坡半定量风险评估模型和风险指数法对3个车间共5个工作场所的苯及苯系物危害进行职业健康风险评估,比较风险分级结果。结果优化指标体系对各工作场所的苯风险分级为轻度风险;甲苯和二甲苯风险分级均为轻微风险。新加坡半定量风险评估模型对各工作场所的苯、甲苯和二甲苯风险分级均为低风险。风险指数法对各工作场所苯风险分级均为中度风险,甲苯风险分级均为无危害,二甲苯风险分级均为轻度风险。结论3种职业健康风险评估方法评估结果存在差异;优化指标体系更适合飞机维修行业工作场所苯及苯系物健康风险评估。Objective To discuss the applicability of 3 risk assessment methods to evaluate the occupational health risk of benzene and its analogues in the workplace of an aircraft maintenance enterprise. Methods The workshops of compound material,structural and electromechanical involved in exposure of benzene and its analogues in an aircraft maintenance enterprise were chosen as study subjects. The optimal indicator system of risk assessment on occupational chemical hazards( hereinafter referred to as"optimal indicator system"),the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model and risk index method were used to classify the benzene hazards of 5 operating posts in 3 workshops. The risk stratification results of the 3 assessment methods were compared. Results The results of optimal indicator system for benzene risk rating was mild risk in all workplaces. The risk classifications for toluene and xylene were light risk. The risk classifications of Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model for benzene,toluene and xylene were all low risk in all workplaces. The risk classifications of risk index method for benzene were all moderate risk in all workplaces. The risk classifications for toluene were harmless in all workplaces. The risk classifications for xylene were mild risk in all workplaces. Conclusion There are differences among the evaluation results of the 3 risk assessment methods. The optimal indicator system could be more suitable for occupational health assessment of benzene and its analogues in aircraft maintenance industries.

关 键 词：风险评估 职业健康 苯 苯系物 飞机维修 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]