临床输血患者红细胞血型不规则抗体检测的临床意义  

Clinical significance of detection of irregular erythrocyte antibodies in clinical transfusion patients

作　　者：李波[1] 胡航 郑春梅 LI Bo;HU Hang;ZHENG Chun-mei(Department of Clinical Laboratory,Hanzhong People's Hospital,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi,CHINA;Department of Clinical Laboratory,Hanzhong Central Hospital,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi,CHINA)

机构地区：[1]汉中市人民医院检验科,陕西汉中723000 [2]汉中市中心医院检验科,陕西汉中723000

出　　处：《海南医学》2019年第15期1981-1983,共3页Hainan Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的探讨对临床输血患者进行红细胞血型不规则抗体检测的临床意义。方法回顾性分析2016年2月至2019年2月汉中市人民医院住院部收治的拟行临床输血治疗的13562例患者的血型不规则抗体筛查结果,所有患者均采用微柱凝胶免疫检测技术检测红细胞血型不规则抗体,不规则抗体阳性患者进行特异性鉴定。分析红细胞不则抗体阳性检出情况、科室分布以及特异性分布特征。结果本组13562例患者共检出红细胞血型不规则抗体46例,检出率为0.34%,女性阳性检出率为65.22%,高于男性检出率的34.78%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);既往妊娠史、输血史、妊娠合并输血史检出率分别为67.39%、63.04%、91.30%,高于无妊娠史(32.61%)、无输血(36.96%)及无输血合并妊娠史(9.70%)患者,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);阳性红细胞血型不规则抗体检出率较高的临床科室分别为重症监护室(0.47%)、妇产科(0.46%)、血液肿瘤科(0.41%);阳性红细胞血型不规则抗体中特异性抗体检出率为93.48%(43/46),以RH血型系统检出率最高(46.51%),RH系统以抗E检出率最高(20.93%)。结论红细胞血型不规则抗体筛查能预防溶血性输血反应的发生,其中RH血型系统抗E抗体是最有意义的抗体。Objective To explore the clinical significance of detecting irregular erythrocyte antibodies in clinical transfusion patients. Methods A total of 13 562 patients undergoing clinical transfusion therapy in Hanzhong People's Hospital from February 2016 to February 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were examined by microcolumn gel immunoassay to detect irregular antibodies of erythrocyte blood group. The positive detection of irregular antibodies in erythrocytes, the distribution of departments and the characteristics of specific distribution were analyzed. Results A total of 46 cases of irregular antibodies against erythrocyte blood group were detected in 13 562 patients, the detection rate was 0.34%. The positive detection rate of women was 65.22%, which was higher than 34.78% of men (P< 0.05). The detection rates of previous pregnancy history, blood transfusion history and pregnancy combined with blood transfusion history were 67.39%, 63.04% and 91.30% respectively, which were higher than those of patients no pregnancy history (32.61%), no blood transfusion (36.96%) and no blood transfusion with pregnancy history (9.70%, all P<0.05). The clinical departments with higher positive RBC irregular antibody detection rate were ICU (0.47%), obstetrics and gynecology (0.46%) and hematology oncology (0.41%). The detection rate of specific antibodies was 93.48%(43/46) in irregular antibodies of positive erythrocyte blood group. The detection rate of RH blood group system was the highest (46.51%) and that of anti-E system was the highest (20.93%). Conclusion The screening of irregular antibodies against erythrocyte blood group can prevent hemolytic transfusion reaction, and the anti-E antibody of RH blood group system is the most significant one.

关 键 词：红细胞血型不规则抗体 微柱凝胶 RH系统 抗E抗体 输血 抗体 

分 类 号：R555[医药卫生—血液循环系统疾病]