贸易自由化对制造业企业工资的影响——基于中国加入WTO的自然实验  

The Effects of Trade Liberalization on the Wages of Manufacturing Enterprises:A Natural Experiment Based on China’s WTO Accession

作　　者：张滕 朱春辉[2] ZHANG Teng;ZHU Chun-hui

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学证券与期货学院 [2]西南财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《国际经贸探索》2019年第8期49-66,共18页International Economics and Trade Research

摘　　要：工人收入的福利问题是当前阻碍贸易自由化进程的重要因素。文章借助中国制造业企业数据,以中国加入WTO为自然实验,利用倍差法(DID)实证检验了行业层面最终品进口关税减让对制造业企业工资的影响。研究结果表明,最终品进口关税减让从总体上显著降低制造业企业的工资,这主要是由贸易自由化带来企业销售收入减少和销售费用增加的"挤出效应"所致。进一步研究发现,最终品进口关税减让对工资的影响会随企业生产率水平的提高而减小,当生产率水平达到一定程度时贸易自由化引致的"倒逼效应"大于其"挤出效应"。在贸易自由化进程中,最终品进口关税减让对出口企业工资的负向影响显著小于其对非出口企业工资的影响。外资企业的工资支付能力显著优于国有企业。文章的研究结论对我国如何进一步推进贸易自由化和改进贸易自由化进程中出现的福利问题具有重要的意义。This paper empirically examines the effects of output tariff reduction of final products on the wages of manufacturing enterprises at the industry level based on the natural experiment of China's WTO accession with the method of difference - in - difference ( DID) and the data from China, s manufacturing enterprises. The research results indicate that as a whole, output tariff reduction significantly decreases the wages of manufacturing enterprises and it mainly attributes to the u crowding - out effectbrought about by trade liberalization which leads to the decrease of sales revenue and the increase of sales costs. Further studies reveal that the effect of output tariff reduction on the wages of manufacturing enterprises decreases with the increase of enterprise productivity. When the enterprise productivity reaches a certain level, the 44reversed transmission effect" caused by trade liberalization is greater than its "crowding . out effect". In the process of trade liberalization, the negative effect of output tariff reduction on the wages of export enterprises is significantly smaller than that of non - export enterprises. The foreign , funded enterprises perform better than the state - owned enterprises in the wage payment, The conclusions of this paper are of great significance for China to further promote trade liberalization and improve the welfare issues arising in the process of trade liberalization.

关 键 词：最终品进口关税 制造业工资 挤出效应 倒逼效应 

分 类 号：F752[经济管理—国际贸易]