北京市居民家庭药品可及性及使用情况入户调查研究  

A Household Survey Study on the Accessibility and Use of Drugs in Families in Beijing

作　　者：王静[1] 邓朋庆 卢昊 杨婷婷 胡明[1] 江滨[2] WANG Jing(West China College of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China)

机构地区：[1]四川大学华西药学院,四川成都610041 [2]北京大学药学院

出　　处：《中国卫生事业管理》2019年第7期513-518,共6页Chinese Health Service Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“新医改多重政策实施背景下基本药物可及性评价:指标与方法的建立与实证”(71473170)

摘　　要：目的:探讨新医改多重政策下北京市居民家庭药品使用和可及性现状。方法:参考WHO《国家药品状况评估、监测和评价工具包》和《药品可及性及药品使用情况入户调查指南》,抽取北京市6个地区的常住家庭进行问卷调查。结果:本次调研实际收回有效问卷951份,194户受访家庭最近两周内有成员患急性病,603户受访家庭的成员患有慢性病。77.8%的急性病患者有外出就医寻求健康帮助的行为,且87.1%的急性病患者有服药行为;92.0%的慢性病患者选择服用药品,且91.7%的慢性病患者能够按医嘱服药。共825户受访家庭有储备药品,占比为86.8%。受访家庭到最近医疗机构所需时间在15分钟以内的分别是零售药店(92.7%)、公立医疗机构(47.7%)和私立医疗机构(44.9%);90.3%的受访户主认为家庭所需药品在公立医疗机构基本能买到;受访家庭月均药品费用现金支出为312.4元,占家庭月均总支出的5.3%;药品费用获得医保报销的急性病患者和慢性病患者比例分别是32.5%和77.8%。结论:北京市居民家庭药品使用及储备情况良好,居民家庭药品的可及性水平较高,但仍存在药品费用获得医保报销的急性病患者比例偏低等相关问题。建议相关政府部门应该采取适当措施,改善常见急性病和慢性病的用药结构,完善医保制度和支付方式,进一步提高居民用药的可负担性。Objective Study on the situation of the accessibility and use of drugs in families in Beijing under the background of the new medical reform. Methods Refer to the WHO < Operational package for assessing,monitoring and evaluating country pharmaceutical situations > and < manual for the Household Survey to Measure Access and Use of Medicines recommended >,we selected permanent households in six areas of Beijing to conduct a questionnaire survey. Results A total of 951 valid questionnaires were actually collected. 194 households reported that they had experienced acute illness in the previous 2 weeks,and 603 households reported that they had chronic diseases. 77. 8% of patients with acute illnesses sought care outside their homes and 87. 1%of them received medical treatment;92% of patients with chronic diseases choose to take medicine and 91. 7% of them can take medicine according to the doctor’s advice. A total of 825 households surveyed had stockpiled medicines,accounting for 86. 8%.The surveyed households to the nearest medical institution within 15 minutes is retail pharmacies(92. 7%),public medical institutions(47. 7%) and private medical institutions(44. 9%);90. 3% of the surveyed householders thought the drugs needed by the family could be bought in public medical institutions;the average monthly expenditure of drugs for the surveyed households was312. 4 yuan,accounting for 5. 3% of the total monthly household expenditure;the proportion of patients with acute and chronic diseases whose drug expenses were reimbursed by medical insurance was 32. 5% and 77. 8% respectively. Conclusions The use and storage of household drugs are in good condition in Beijing,and the level of drug accessibility is relatively high. However,there are still related problems such as the low coverage rate of medical insurance reimbursement for acute disease. It is suggested that relevant government departments should take appropriate measures to improve the medication structure of common acute and chronic diseases,improve the medical

关 键 词：新医改 入户调查 药品可及性 家庭用药 

分 类 号：R95[医药卫生—药学]