水文过程和采砂活动下鄱阳湖湿地景观格局及其变化  

Landscape Patterns and Their Changes of Poyang Lake Wetlands under Hydrological Process and Sand Mining Activities

作　　者：潘艺雯 应智霞 李海辉 刘成林[5] 张欢 管毕财[3] 刘以珍[3] 何亮 葛刚[2,3] PAN Yiwen;YING Zhixia;LI Haihui;LIU Chenglin;ZHANG Huan;GUAN Bicai;LIU Yizhen;HE Liang;GE Gang(School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineerings Nanchang Universityy Nanchang 330031,Jiangxi,P.R.China;Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization,Ministry of Education,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,Jiangxi,P.R. China;School of Life Science,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,Jiangxi,P.R.China;Construction Office of Poyang Lake Water Control Project,Nanchang 330034,Jiangxi,P.R.China;School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Nanchang University,Nanchang 330031,Jiangxi,P.R. China)

机构地区：[1]南昌大学资源环境与化工学院,江西南昌330031 [2]鄱阳湖环境与资源利用教育部重点实验室,江西南昌330031 [3]南昌大学生命科学学院,江西南昌330031 [4]江西省鄱阳湖水利枢纽建设办公室,江西南昌330034 [5]南昌大学建筑工程学院,江西南昌330031

出　　处：《湿地科学》2019年第3期286-294,共9页Wetland Science

基　　金：江西省水利厅科技项目(KT201505);江西省鄱建办招标项目(PJB201701)资助

摘　　要：以鄱阳湖湿地为研究对象,以1993年、1997年、2002年、2006年和2013年枯水期相似水位下Landsat TM/OLI影像为数据源,解译、提取出5个时期枯水期的鄱阳湖湿地信息,结合水位数据,从景观面积和景观指数两方面,研究5个时期枯水期鄱阳湖湿地景观格局及其变化;以2000年、2001年、2006年和2011年丰水期的Landsat TM5影像为数据源,解译、提取出4个时期的采(运)砂船信息,结合1992~2013年星子水文站的逐日水位数据,分析水文过程和采砂活动对鄱阳湖湿地景观的影响。研究结果表明,随着时间的推移,1993年、1997年、2002年、2006年和2013年枯水期鄱阳湖水域面积总体在减少,草洲面积总体在增加,且主要表现为稀疏草洲向非植被区扩张;水域和泥沙滩地面积之和分别与年最大水位、年水位振幅显著正相关,稀疏草洲面积分别与水域和泥沙滩地面积之和、年最大水位显著负相关,表明低水位会导致非植被景观面积缩减,促进稀疏草洲的扩张;随着时间的推移,4个时期鄱阳湖采砂活动范围由北向南扩张,而采砂导致的湖底地形变化可能导致了枯水期鄱阳湖极浅水域面积的减少和深水域面积的增加;除1997年1月10日的数据受1996年较高水位的影响比较特殊外,其它4个时期研究区枯水期的景观格局的变化表现为景观破碎化程度在降低,景观形状从复杂向简单转化,但是景观异质性并没有明显变化。The landscape pattern of the Poyang Lake wetlands has changed a lot in past decades, but our knowledge to the drivers of these changes are still limited. In this study, we used the geographic information system technology and principles of landscape ecology to explore the changes of the Poyang Lake wetlands and their driving factors. The spatial information and landscape patterns of the wetlands were obtained by using remote sensing images in dry season of the years of 1993, 1997, 2002, 2006, and 2013. With the daily water level data from 1992 to 2013, and the spatial distribution of dredging vessels in Poyang Lake extracted from remote sensing images in flood season of the years of 2000, 2001, 2006 and 2011, we examined the effects of hydrologic process and sand mining activities on landscape pattern of the wetlands. The results showed that firstly,the water area of the Poyang Lake wetlands has been decreased and the area of grassland has been increased in dry season for 5 periods;secondly, non-vegetation area was significantly positively correlated with annual maximum water level and annual water level amplitude and the sparse grassland area was negatively correlated with the non-vegetation area and the annual maximum water level;besides, the range of sand mining activities in Poyang Lake in flood season have expanded from north to south;in addition, the degree of landscape fragmentation was decreasing and the landscape shape was becoming simpler, whereas no obvious change in landscape heterogeneity in dry season of the years of 1993, 2002, 2006, and 2013 except that of 1997 which influenced by high water level in 1996. Low water level was the main driving factor of increased sparse grassland and expansion of sand mining activities might be one of the reasons that led to an increase of deep water area and a decrease of shallow water area.

关 键 词：鄱阳湖 景观格局 水文过程 采砂 枯水期 丰水期 

分 类 号：P343.3[天文地球—水文科学] P901[天文地球—地球物理学]