内蒙古干湿环境演变与地区生态建设优势气候背景分析  

Dry and wet environment evolution and climatic background analysis of regional ecological construction in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：代海燕[1] 李丹[1] 娜日苏[1] 陈素华[1] 都瓦拉[1] DAI Hai-yan;LI Dan;NA Ri-su;CHEN Su-hua;DU Wa-la(Inner Mongolia Ecology and Agricultural Meteorology Centre, Hohhot 010051 y Inner Mongolia, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心

出　　处：《干旱区地理》2019年第4期745-752,共8页Arid Land Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41461102);林业公益性行业专项(201304206);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金项目(2016MS0376,2010MS0606,2017MS0376)

摘　　要：通过内蒙古地区近46 a降水和潜在蒸散量以及湿润度在气温突变前后的倾向率和差值变化分析,得出该区域主要植被类型干湿环境演变的时空变化特征。研究结果表明:降水在气温突变前"东增西减",突变后呈相反的变化趋势。46 a降水倾向率增加区域主要集中在呼伦贝尔市东部和乌兰察布市以西大部地区;潜在蒸散量在气温突变前呈减少趋势,突变后有增加趋势,突变后潜在蒸散量明显小于突变前。内蒙古46 a潜在蒸散量倾向率大部地区偏小,偏大区域仅存在于中东部偏北地区,气温突变后全区大部地区存在明显的"蒸发悖论";大兴安岭西麓和乌兰察布市以西地区突变后湿润度增加明显,暖湿的气候环境有利于当地植被建设和生态恢复,内蒙古东南部、呼伦贝尔草原和锡林郭勒盟草原区有暖干化趋势,上述草原区存在潜在退化风险。The temperature in Inner Mongolia,China keeps increasing from 1971 to 2016.According to the result of MK mutation test,there was a sudden change of the annual average temperature in 1988.The temporal and spatial variation characteristics about the dry and wet environment of the main vegetation types in the region was derived based on the analysis of the change and the tendency rate of the precipitation,potential evapotranspiration and moisture index before and after the sudden change of the air temperature in the course of the late 46 years.The results showed that the precipitation had the pattern of an increasing trend in the east area but a decreasing trend in the west area before the sudden change of the temperature,and it turned to an opposite pattern after the sudden change of the temperature which meant a decrease trend in the east area but an increase trend in the west area.The areas with a precipitation trend rate in the past 46 years were mainly concentrated in the east of Hulun Buir League and most area of the western Ulanqab League.The evapotranspiration showed a decreasing trend before the sudden change of the temperature,but an increase trend after that change,and the latent evapotranspiration was significantly smaller after the sudden change of the temperature.The potential evaporation tendency was relatively small in most areas in the past 46 years with the exception only in the north-central part of Inner Mongolia.There was an obvious "evaporation paradox" in most parts of the region.The desert,steppe desert and desert steppe in the west region of Inner Mongolia were in the humid climate background,which was beneficial to the local vegetation construction and ecological recover.In southeastern Inner Mongolia,and the grasslands of Hulun Buir and Xilingol League there was a warming and drying tendency,which poses a potential degradation risk in the above steppe areas.It is required to strengthen the maintenance of natural fending and ecological stability of the grassland areas,to reduce human distur

关 键 词：内蒙古 气候变化 降水量 潜在蒸发量 湿润指数 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] P467[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]