北京昌平春棚西瓜害虫种类及种群动态  

Species and population dynamics of watermelon pests in spring greenhouse in Changping, Beijing

作　　者：张民照[1] 覃晓春[1] 闫哲 布·布尔玛 ZHANG Minzhao;QIN Xiaochun;YAN Zhe;BU Borma(Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture Rural Affairs / Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing102206, China})

机构地区：[1]农业农村部华北都市农业重点实验室·北京农学院植物科学技术学院

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2019年第8期109-114,共6页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：北京市农委项目“北京市农委16年北农‘菜篮子’新型生产经营主体提升项目”（201603）

摘　　要：为了解北京昌平春棚西瓜害虫主要种类及发生规律,为害虫防治提供依据.用黄板和田间调查方法对大棚西瓜害虫种类及种群动态进行连续2年调查.结果表明,昌平春棚西瓜主要害虫为瓜蚜、棕榈蓟马和二斑叶螨.西瓜大棚内黄板共诱到7目12科12种昆虫,优势种害虫为棕榈蓟马,2年占比都在73.27%以上.西瓜植株上共调查到4目4科4种昆虫及1种叶螨,优势种害虫为二斑叶螨和无翅瓜蚜,2年占比分别都在69.46%、20.76%以上.黄板诱到的瓜蚜高峰在5月中下旬,其后数量降低.棕榈蓟马从5月上中旬开始数量持续上升,7月上中旬达高峰.植株上的瓜蚜无翅蚜发生量明显高于有翅蚜,无翅蚜5月下旬到6月中旬达高峰;棕榈蓟马主要集中在花内危害,6月上旬后数量上升明显;二斑叶螨则从6月中下旬开始数量急剧上升,两者都在6月下旬-7月上旬达高峰,其后数量有所降低.蚜虫防治关键期应为5-6月,而蓟马和叶螨为6-7月.In order to provide information for pest control, the main pest species and occurrence in spring watermelon greenhouse in Changping were investigated with the yellow stick cards and field investigation for two consecutive years. The results showed that the main pests in spring watermelon greenhouse were Aphis gossypii, Thrips palmi and Tetranychus urticae. Twelve species belonging to 12 families in 7 orders were attracted by yellow stick cards in watermelon greenhouses, among them the dominant pest was T. palmi, accounting for more than 73.27% of the total number of pests for two consecutive years. Four insect species belonging to 4 families in 4 orders and 1 spider mite spices were found on watermelon plant, the dominant pests were T. urticae and the wingless aphis of A. gossypii, which accounted for more than 69.46% and 20.76% for two consecutive years, respectively. On the yellow stick cards, the number of A. gossypii reached population peak in middle and late May, then decreased. The number of T. palmi continued to rise from early and middle May and reached population peak in early and middle July. On watermelon plant, the occurrence of winged aphids was obviously higher than that of wingless aphids, which peaked from late May to middle June. T. palmi mainly infested in watermelon flowers, the number of T. palmi obviously increased after early June, while the number of T. urticae increased sharply in middle and late June, and both pests reached population peaks from the middle June to early July, then decreased. The aphids were recommended to be controlled mainly in May and June, while the thrips and spider mites should be control mainly in June and July.

关 键 词：春棚西瓜 害虫 种群动态 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]