小农户嵌入现代农业：必要性、困境和路径选择  

Small Farmers Embedded in Modern Agriculture: Necessity,Difficulty and Path Choice

作　　者：余晓洋 郭庆海 YU Xiaoyang;GUO Qinghai(School of Economics and Management, Jilin Agricultural University/ Research Center for Rural Economy inMain Grain Producing Areas, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学经济管理学院/粮食主产区农村经济研究中心

出　　处：《农业经济与管理》2019年第4期10-17,共8页Agricultural Economics and Management

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目（19BJY124）;教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目（18YJC790102）;吉林省科技厅软科学项目（20180418109FG）

摘　　要：小农户在农业经营群体中占绝大多数,仍将是我国农业生产经营的主要组织形式。剖析小农户嵌入现代农业的必要性,肯定小农户生产在保障国家粮食安全和农产品有效供给、推进土地适度规模经营、传承农耕文明和改造传统农业等方面不可替代的作用。分析现阶段小农户嵌入现代农业过程中面临经营规模较小且细碎化、农资价格和地租水平高企、家庭资金短缺且借贷困难、抵御自然和市场风险能力较弱、农业社会化服务体系不健全等迫切需要解决的问题。为小农户有序、顺利嵌入现代农业轨道排除障碍,促进小农户与现代农业有机衔接,提出小农户嵌入现代农业的路径选择,即鼓励多种土地经营方式,引导小农户土地承包权退出,建立有效调控农资价格、约束地租水平的机制,加大农村金融供给,提高农业技术装备水平,加快农业社会化服务建设。Small farmers are still the overwhelming majority of the agricultural management groups, it will still be the main organizational form of agricultural production and management in China. The necessity of small farmers' embedding in modern agriculture was analyzed. It affirms the irreplaceable role of small farmers' production in ensuring national food security and effective supply of agricultural products, promoting appropriate scale management of land, inheriting farming civilization and reforming traditional agriculture. In the process of embedding modern agriculture, small farmers are faced with such urgent problems as small scale and fragmentation of operation, high agricultural prices and land rent level, shortage of household funds and difficulties in borrowing and lending, weak ability to resist natural and market risks, and imperfect agricultural socialized service system. Eliminate obstacles for orderly and smooth insertion of small farmers into the modern agricultural track, promoting the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture. The path choice of small farmers' embedding in modern agriculture was put forward as the followings: encouraging diversified land management modes, guiding small farmers to withdraw their land contractual rights, establishing effective mechanisms to control agricultural prices and restrain land rent levels, increasing rural financial supply, improving the level of agricultural technology and equipment, and speeding up the construction of agricultural socialization services.

关 键 词：小农户 嵌入现代农业 现实困境 路径选择 

分 类 号：F323[经济管理—产业经济]