水坝建设对河流生态系统服务价值影响评估  

New Ecosystem Services Valuation Method on Dam Projects

作　　者：刘畅 刘耕源[1,2] 杨青 LIU Chang;LIU Gengyuan;YANG Qing(State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;Beijing Engineering Research Center for WatershedEnvironmental Restoration & Integrated Ecological Regulation,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室,北京100875 [2]北京市流域环境生态修复与综合调控工程技术研究中心,北京100875

出　　处：《人民黄河》2019年第8期88-94,共7页Yellow River

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502800);国家自然科学基金国际(地区)合作与交流项目(7171101135);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41471466,71673029);国家创新群体项目(51721093)

摘　　要：基于能值分析构建了水坝生态系统模型与生态系统服务价值计算方法,并以三峡水利枢纽工程为例核算了建坝前后河流生态系统服务价值及其变化情况。结果表明:建坝前后河流生态系统服务价值均为间接价值>直接价值>存在价值;直接价值中,增加生物量均为建坝前后河流的主要服务价值;间接价值中,建坝后河流物质运移能力削弱,而净化水体污染物与调节局地小气候能力增强,同时新增提供水电服务,并成为主要间接服务价值之一;存在价值中,河流生态系统调节气候能力增强;虽然大坝建设后所产生生态服务功能的总价值相较建坝前增大,但是实际是通过损失了河流最重要的服务功能(向下游运输营养物质)而用局地的服务功能的提升来置换的;大坝发电中包含的人工建设年均投入量约为自然投入的15倍。Based on energy theory,the ecosystem model before and after dam projects and Ecosystem Services Valuation ( ESV) method framework were proposed in this study.Taking the Three Gorges Dam as an example,the river ESV and its change before and after dam construction were calculated.The results show that the river ESV before and after dam construction is that indirect services > direct services > existing services.In direct services,the increase of biomass is the main service value of the river before and after dam construction.In indirect services,the dammed river’s ability to transport materials is weakened,while the ability to purify water pollutants and regulate local microclimate is enhanced.Meanwhile,hydropower generation service is added and becomes one of the main indirect services.In existing services,the climate regulation ability increases.Although the total river ESV produced after dam construction has been increased compared with that before dam construction,it is a case of replacement of the improvement of local ESV by losing the most important ESV of the river (transport nutrients to the downstream).The annual human input is about 15 times of the natural input.

关 键 词：水坝建设 生态系统服务价值 能值分析 三峡大坝 

分 类 号：TV61[水利工程—水利水电工程] X32[环境科学与工程—环境工程]