生物炭对R2期大豆根系生长和氮磷吸收利用的影响  

Effects of Biochar on Root Growth at R2 Stage, and Nitrogen,Phosphorus Uptake and Utilization of Soybean

作　　者：朱倩[1] 姚兴东[1] 单玉姿 张惠君[1] 王海英[1] 敖雪[1] 谢甫绨[1] ZHU Qian;YAO Xing-dong;SHAN Yu-zi;ZHANG Hui-jun;WANG Hai-ying;AO Xue;XIE Fu-ti(College of Agronomy,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学农学院

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2019年第4期385-391,共7页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31271643);辽宁省自然科学基金重点项目(20170540809);辽宁省高等学校优秀人才支持计划资助项目(LJQ2015097);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0101306-04)

摘　　要：为了探讨生物炭对大豆植株及籽粒养分吸收利用的影响,采用盆栽试验,设置4个生物炭用量处理(0%、1%、5%、10%,生物炭/干土重),分析了不同处理下R2期大豆根系和植株形态特性以及植株体内氮和磷的转移情况。结果表明,施用生物炭会增加土壤中有机碳、全氮和速效磷含量,并对大豆根系发育和植株生长产生积极影响。5%和10%生物炭处理会显著增加大豆叶面积(分别较对照高62.0%和74.5%)和植株鲜重(分别较对照高57.1%和72.6%),提高茎叶的氮磷转移量,显著提高籽粒产量(平均比对照高51%)。10%生物炭处理会显著增加大豆总根长、根表面积、根体积和比根长以及氮、磷收获指数,分别较对照高19.4%、25.1%、27.4%、28.7%、10.7%和8.9%。生物炭对大豆根系发育的影响主要是促进了细根(<0.5mm)的伸长和增长,在1%、5%和10%生物炭处理下,细根长度占植株根系总长度的比例从无生物炭处理的71.4%分别增加到76.4%、82.7%和84.6%。相关分析结果表明,大豆籽粒产量与土壤全氮和速效磷含量以及氮磷收获指数均呈现显著的正相关关系,根长与土壤养分含量、氮磷收获指数以及氮、磷转移量也均呈现显著的正相关关系。总之,施用一定量的生物炭能够对土壤养分含量产生积极影响,并促进大豆根系生长,影响大豆植株体内养分吸收和利用,提高籽粒产量。In order to study the effects of biochar on plant growth and nutrient accumulation and utilization in seeds in soybean[Glycine max Merr.(L.)], a pot experiment was conducted with four biochar rates(0%, 1%, 5% and 10%, biochar/dry soil weight). The study analyzed the morphology characteristics of root and shoot at R2 stage, and the transfer of nitrogen(N) and phosphorus(P) in soybean plants. The results showed that biochar application increased the content of organic carbon, total N and availablePin soils, and induced positive effects on soybean root and shoot growth. The leaves area were significantly increased by 62% and 74.5% after applications of 5% and 10% biochar, and fresh weight were increased by 57.1% and 72.6%under 5% and 10% biochar treatments, respectively.The transfer of N and P of stems and leaves were enhanced, as a result induced an increase in seed yield, with an average of grain yield by 51% compared with the control. The total root length, root surface area, root volume and specific root length, and N, P harvest indexes were significantly increased after application of 10%biochar, the corresponding increases were 19.4%, 25.1%, 27.4%, 28.7%, 10.7% and 8.9%, respectively. Biochar application mainly promoted the elongation and growth of fine roots(<0.5 mm), and increased the proportion of fine roots length to the total length of plant roots from 71.4% up to 76.4%, 82.7% and 84.6% with applications of 1%, 5% and 10% biochar, repectively.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between soybean grain yield and soil total N content,soil available P content, N and P harvest index, as well as a significant positive correlation between root length and soil nutrient content, N and P harvest index, and N and P transfer. In conclusion, application of a certain amount of biochar can positively affect soil nutrient content, promote soybean root and shoot growth, affect the absorption and utilization of nutrients in soybean plants, and improve soybean yield.

关 键 词：大豆 根系形态 养分利用 生物炭 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]