2004-2017年四川省钩体病不同高发地区流行病学特征比较分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of different high-incidence areas of leptospirosis,Sichuan,2004-2017

作　　者：刘润友[1] 杨长虹[1] 杜飞[1] 许军红[1] LIU Run-you;YANG Chang-hong;DU Fei;XU Jun-hong(Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Sichuan, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China)

机构地区：[1]四川省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第15期2705-2707,2719,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：四川省疾病预防控制中心课题(项目编号:ZX201621)

摘　　要：目的探索2004-2017年四川省钩体病高发地区及其流行病学特征,为防控策略提供依据。方法采用流行病学对发病数、率和构成比进行描述性分析,使用Arc GIS地图软件描述空间分布。结果 2004-2017年四川省钩体病高发为川东的南部(乐山、宜宾、资阳、雅安、内江、眉山和自贡7个市)和北部(南充市)两个区域。南部(0.60/10万)发病水平低于北部(0.70/10万);南部发病自2005年呈一直下降态势,而北部处于波动状态,2017年南北发病均达历史最低水平;南北发病在全省构成不断变化:2004-2007和2015-2017年,以南部为主,2008-2014年,以北部为主。南北发病均集中在8-10月,南部早1个月。南北发病男性均多于女性,发病率比分别为2.24∶1和1.37∶1;南部10~65岁报告发病较多(占94.56%),10~20岁发病率最高;北部50~70岁无论构成(占61.32%)还是发病率都最高。南北均以农民发病为主。结论我省钩体病目前处于历史最低水平,有消除的机会,为了控制或消除该疾病,建议加强农民健康教育,针对不同高发地区适时的疫苗接种,开展钩体病消除准备工作。Objective To explore the epidemic characteristics of high-incidence areas of leptospirosis in Sichuan Province from 2004 to 2017,and to provide evidence for prevention and control strategies.Methods The indicators including numbers,rates and constituent ratio were described,and the Arc GIS software was used for spatial description.Results During 2004 to 2017,there were two high-incidence areas of leptospirosis in eastern Sichuan,the south areas(including 7 cities:Leshan,Yibin,Ziyang,Ya’an,Neijiang,Meishan and Zigong)and the north area(just including Nanchong).It showed that the incidence of southern(0.60/10 million)was lower than that of northern(0.70/10 million),and they both reached the lowest level than ever before in 2017.The incidence in the south had been declining since 2005,while the north was in a state of fluctuation.Their comparison was changed constantly,and the incidence of south areas was more from 2004 to 2007 and 2015 to 2017,while the incidence of the north area was more from 2008 to 2014.The incidences of both the north and the south were concentrated from August to October,but the south is one month earlier.It showed that the incidence of the male was always higher than that of female in both high-incidence areas,and the morbidity ratios were 2.24∶1 and 1.37∶1,respectively.The age distribution was widely in the south,and the number of cases concentrated in 10-65 years old(accounted for 94.56%),with the highest incidence among 10-20 years old.While it was more concentrated in the north,both of the number of cases(accounted for 61.32%)and prevalence were higher in the 50-70 age group than others.Farmers were the main occupation in both south and north areas.Conclusion It is currently at the lowest level of leptospirosis in the history in Sichuan and there may be opportunities for elimination.In order to control and eliminate the disease,it is recommended to strengthen farmers’ awareness of leptospirosis’ risk,vaccinate timely for different high-incidence areas,and prepare for the elimin

关 键 词：钩体病 流行病学 比较分析 

分 类 号：R181.23[医药卫生—流行病学]