城乡老年人的认知功能差异及其影响因素分析  

Cognitive function status and its influencing factors between urban and rural elderly

作　　者：陆姣 胡婧超[1] 张持晨 毛丹卉 LU Jiao;HU Jing-chao;ZHANG Chi-chen;MAO Dan-hui(School of Management,Shanxi Medical University/Center for Health Management and Policy Research,Shanxi Medical University,Taiyuan,Shanxi 030001,China)

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学管理学院,山西太原030001 [2]山西医科大学卫生管理与政策研究中心,山西太原030001 [3]浙江大学医学院,浙江杭州310058

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第15期2785-2789,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(71804101,71874104);山西省高校哲学社会科学研究(201803064);山西医科大学校级博士启动基金(BS201738);江苏省社科基地规划项目(15JD004);山西省高校哲学社会科学研究基地项目(201801019)

摘　　要：目的了解城乡老年人认知功能差异及其影响因素,为预防老人认知障碍发生、开展老人认知功能干预提供参考。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样,对山西省太原市2 947名60岁及以上城乡老人进行现况调查,用简易智能状态检查量表进行认知功能测评。并运用X^2检验、t检验及多重线性回归对数据进行分析。结果城市老人的认知功能总评分(29.30±1.64)显著高于农村老人(28.98±2.07)(P<0.001)。影响城市老人认知功能的因素按重要程度依次为:文化程度>性别>年龄,模型为Y=31.217+0.287X1-0.037X2-0.168X3;影响农村老人认知功能的因素按重要程度依次为:与子女关系>文化程度>与配偶关系>年龄,模型为Y=29.877+0.395X1-0.033X2+0.451X3-0.276X4。结论城市老人的认知功能水平优于农村老人,城乡老人的认知功能状况及其影响因素存在显著差异。建议通过再教育预防城乡老人认知下降发生的同时,关注社会支持在防范农村老人认知功能下降中的重要作用。Objective To investigate the difference of cognitive function status and its influencing factors between the urban and rural elderly,so as to provide a reference for prevention of cognitive impairment and intervention of cognitive function among urban and rural elderly.Methods A total of 2 947 elderly aged 60 and above from urban and rural in Taiyuan,Shanxi Province were surveyed by using a multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method,and the mini-mental state examination was selected as the cognitive function index.X^2 test,t-test and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data.Results The result showed that the status of cognitive function in urban elderly was better than that in rural elderly(29.30±1.64 vs 28.98±2.07,P<0.001).The influencing factors of cognitive function of urban elderly were education,sex and age in order of importance,and the model equation was Y=31.217+0.287 X1-0.037 X2-0.168 X3.While the influencing factors of cognitive function of rural elderly were related to children,education,relationship with spouse and age in order of importance,and the model equation was Y=29.877+0.395 X1-0.033 X2+0.451 X3-0.276 X4.Conclusion The cognitive function level of urban elderly is superior to that of rural,and there are significant differences in cognitive function and its influencing factors between urban and rural elderly.It is suggested that re-education should be applied to prevent cognitive function decline of urban and rural elderly,and the role of social support should be paid attention to prevent cognitive function decline of rural elderly.

关 键 词：老年人 认知功能 影响因素 城市 农村 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]