基于基尼系数的中国科普经费投入公平性分析  

Equity Analysis of Scientific Popularization Funds Investment in China Based on Gini Coefficient

作　　者：李恩极 李群[2] Li Enji;Li Qun(Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 102488,China;Institute of Quantitative & Technical Economics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,Beijing 100732,China)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院,北京102488 [2]中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2019年第8期143-149,共7页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“经济发展方式转变成效评价研究及其实证分析”(12345678);中国社会科学院“哲学社会科学创新工程基础学者”资助计划

摘　　要：在中国科普事业“马太效应”日益凸显的背景下,本文首次运用收入份额法对科普经费基尼系数进行测算,并按照地区和筹资渠道进行分解,得到各组的子基尼系数以及关于总体基尼系数的边际效应。研究表明:中国人均科普经费在省际之间差异较大,但总体呈下降趋势,基尼系数保持在0.5左右。分地区来看,东部地区的基尼系数远高于中西部,是总体变化的主导因素,而中西部较为接近;三个地区的基尼系数均有不同程度的波动,东部地区的基尼系数呈下降态势,但是中部和西部地区的省际差距出现扩大迹象。从筹资渠道看,各来源的省际差异十分显著,其中政府拨款的基尼系数最小,并主导了总体基尼系数的变化。提高政府拨款和中西部科普经费在总体科普经费投入中的比重,有利于改善科普经费投入在省际间的公平性。Under the background of “Matthew Effect ”of science popularization,this paper calculates the Gini coefficient of Chinese popular science funds by means of income share method,and decomposes it according to regional and fund-raising channels,and obtains the sub-Gini coefficient of each group and the marginal effect of the whole Gini coefficient.The research shows that:the average scientific funds in China are different between provinces,but the overall trend is declining,the Gini coefficient is about 0.5.In the region,the Gini coefficient in the eastern region is much higher than that of the Midwest,which is the dominant factor of the overall change,while the central and western regions are relatively close,and the Gini coefficients in the three areas fluctuate in varying degrees,while the Gini coefficients in the eastern regions are declining,but the provincial disparities in the central and western regions show signs of enlargement.From the perspective of financing,the difference between different provinces is very significant,in which the Gini coefficient of government appropriation is the smallest,which dominates the change of the overall Gini coefficient.Increasing the proportion of the government funds and the popularization of popular science funds in the General Popularization fund will help to improve the fairness of the allocation of scientific popularization funds in China.

关 键 词：科普经费 基尼系数 区域配置 筹资渠道 边际效应 

分 类 号：G322[文化科学]