一种优化设计的人工纳米材料遗传毒性评估方法及应用  

An Optimized Design Method and Application to Evaluate the Genotoxicity of Manufactured Nanomaterials

作　　者：潘少兵 邱凤仙[3] 余世金[1] 嵇然 李婷 PAN Shaobing;QIU Fengxian;YU Shijin;JI Ran;LI Ting(School of Resources and Environmental Science,Anqing Normal University,Anqing 246133,China;School of Environment and Safety Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China;School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,China)

机构地区：[1]安庆师范大学资源环境学院,安徽安庆246133 [2]江苏大学环境学院,江苏镇江212013 [3]江苏大学化学化工学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《环境科学与技术》2019年第6期157-162,共6页Environmental Science & Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金(41807412);安徽省自然科学基金(1908085MD103);安徽省质量工程教研项目(2018jyxm1288)

摘　　要：通过优化设计的蚕豆根尖微核技术监测了3种典型的人工纳米材料的遗传毒性,以期该方法可以作为人工纳米材料遗传毒性评估的实验教学方法,并能够推广使用。通过反复的实验,对传统的蚕豆根尖微核技术进行了优化设计,并用这种优化设计的蚕豆根尖微核技术对纳米铜、纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化硅3种人工纳米材料的遗传毒性进行了评估。结果表明:(1)优化了传统的蚕豆根尖微核技术的关键步骤,如:震荡设置、染毒时根尖长度、解离、染色时间等;(2)3种纳米材料均能诱发较高的微核效应,且微核千分率比较:纳米铜>纳米氧化锌>纳米二氧化硅;(3)同种纳米材料不同浓度与阴性对照均有极显著性差异(p<0.01);同种浓度的3种不同纳米材料间的微核率有显著或者极显著差异(p<0.05或p<0.01),均有统计学意义;(4)采用优化的蚕豆根尖微核技术去评估人工纳米材料的遗传毒性具有很强的操作性和科学性。通过该文的研究,以期优化的蚕豆根尖微核技术能够得到更广的应用,并为今后纳米材料遗传毒性和安全性的评估提供依据和方法。The genetic toxicity of three typical manufactured nanomaterials(MNMs)was monitored by using the optimally designed V.faba.root tip micronucleus technology.It is hoped that this method can be used as an experimental teaching method to assess genetic toxicity of MNMs,and can be employed widely.Through repeated experiments,the traditional V.faba.root tip micronucleus technology has been optimized.Thus it has been used to evaluate the genetic toxicity of three typical MNMs,such as nano-Cu,nano-ZnO and nano-SiO2.The key steps of traditional V.faba.root tip micronucleus technology were optimized,such as shock setting,root tip length when exposed,dissociation,dyeing time,etc.Three kinds of MNMs all can induce higher micronucleus effect,and comparison result of micronucleus permillage is nano-Cu>nanoZnO>nano-SiO2.The significance comparison between the same nanomaterial with different concentrations and negative control groups is extremely significant(p<0.01);the significance comparison between the three kinds of MNMs with same concentration is significant or extremely significant(p<0.05 or p<0.01).Both of them have statistical significance.It has stronger operability and scientificalness to evaluate genotoxicity of MNMs by using the optimized micronucleus test technique of V.faba.root tip cells.Through the study,it is expected that the optimized V.faba.root tip micronucleus technology can be applied more widely,and can provide the basis and method for the evaluation of genetic toxicity and safety of nanomaterials in the future.

关 键 词：人工纳米材料 遗传毒性 蚕豆根尖微核技术 评估方法 

分 类 号：X830.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]