飞行员与机载计算机交互建模及其问题研究  

Modeling Interaction between Pilot and Airborne Computer and Research on Its Problems

作　　者：程妮 吴海桥 仇志凡 CHENG Ni;WU Hai qiao;QIU Zhi fan(College of Civil Aviation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学民航学院

出　　处：《航空计算技术》2019年第4期105-108,共4页Aeronautical Computing Technique

摘　　要：现代飞机驾驶舱计算机、自动化等技术应用广泛,使得飞行员的角色由原先的手动控制转变为监督控制,带来了新的问题和挑战。为保障飞行安全,亟需对飞行员与机载计算机的交互开展研究。研究内容主要包含:飞机上以计算机为核心的自动化系统,如其组成、功能等;参考信息处理模型和情境意识相关概念,建立了飞行员心理模型,具体描述其认知行为;以三元符号模型为框架,基于系统理论过程分析(STPA)方法,建立了飞行员与机载计算机交互模型;在此基础上研究了飞行员与机载计算机交互过程中出现的问题,包括计算机反馈缺陷、飞行员自满和偏见、飞行员惊奇和"环外"问题。In modern aircraft cockpits,computers,automation and other technologies are widely used,so that the role of pilots has changed from the original manual control to supervisory control,bringing new problems and challenges.In order to ensure flight safety,it is urgent to conduct research on the interaction between pilots and computers in the cockpit.The computer-based automation system on the aircraft is studied,including its composition and function.Referring to the information processing model and the concept of situational awareness,the pilot′s mental model is established to describe its cognitive behavior.Using the ternary symbol model as the framework,based on the system theory process analysis(STPA) method,the interaction model between the pilot and the computer in the cockpit is established.The problems occurred in the interaction between the pilot and the airborne computerare studied,including the lack of computer feedback,pilot complacency and bias,pilot surprise and out of the loop problems.

关 键 词：飞行员 计算机 交互模型 自动化 

分 类 号：V247.1[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]