我国畜禽饲料资源中微量元素铁含量分布的调查研究  

A Survey on Distribution of Iron Content in Feedstuff Resources for Livestock and Poultry in China

作　　者：马雪莲 张丽阳[1] 王良治 刘东元 吕林[1] 廖秀冬[1] 罗绪刚[1] MA Xuelian;ZHANG Liyang;WANG Liangzhi;LIU Dongyuan;LYU Lin;LIAO Xiudong;LUO Xugang(Mineral Nutrition Research Division,Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Southwest Minzu University,College of Life Science and Technology,Chengdu 610041,China;Beijing Yuanchuang Zhihui Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100020,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,矿物元素营养研究室,北京100193 [2]西南民族大学生命科学与技术学院,成都610041 [3]北京元创智汇生物技术有限公司,北京100020

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2019年第8期3821-3829,共9页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：科技基础性工作专项项目(2014FY111000);中国农业科学院农科英才专项经费;中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项经费(ASTIP-IAS08);国家现代农业产业技术体系岗位专家专项经费(CARS-41)

摘　　要：本调查旨在研究我国不同地区间各种饲料原料中铁含量分布情况,以及我国畜禽基础饲粮中铁含量,从而为饲粮中合理添补铁提供科学依据。采集全国31个省、直辖市和自治区的37种共3 719个主要畜禽饲料原料,经微波消解后,用IRIS IntrepidⅡ等离子体发射光谱仪测定其中铁含量。结果表明:这37种饲料原料的平均铁含量为21.3~2 472.0 mg/kg,而各类饲料原料铁含量平均值分布规律为:矿物质饲料(1 178 mg/kg)>动物性蛋白质饲料(1 030 mg/kg)>牧草饲料(433 mg/kg)>秸秆饲料(404 mg/kg)>谷物籽实加工副产品(260 mg/kg)>植物性蛋白质饲料(181 mg/kg)>谷物籽实饲料(71.2 mg/kg)。通过比较不同省(自治区)的玉米、小麦和豆粕的铁含量发现,不同省(自治区)同一种饲料原料的铁含量均存在显著差异(P<0.05)。根据全国各地猪、鸡常用的142个饲料配方所计算出的基础饲粮中铁含量为70.6~86.1 mg/kg,如按我国猪、鸡饲养标准(2004)或NRC(1994)畜禽铁营养需要量的要求,基础饲粮中总铁含量可提供猪、鸡生长前期约4/5的铁营养需要量,可提供猪、鸡生长后期的铁营养需要量,但上述估算尚未考虑不同饲料原料中铁的利用率。由此可见,不同种类和不同地区饲料原料中铁含量差异较大;全国各地猪、鸡常用的基础饲料配方中总铁含量可提供猪、鸡整个生长期大部分的铁营养需要量。因此,在实际生产中,应充分考虑不同地区基础饲粮中的总铁含量及其利用率,精准配制饲粮,以满足畜禽高效生产的需要,同时减少铁的添加及其排放对环境的污染。The objective of this survey was to study the distribution of iron(Fe)content in various feedstuffs from different regions of China,as well as the Fe contents in the basal dies of livestock and poultry in China,so as to provide a basis for reasonable supplementation of Fe in diets.The Fe content of 37 kinds of feedstuffs of livestock and poultry from totally 3 719 samples collected from 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China were analyzed by IRIS IntrepidⅡplasma emission spectrometer after microwave digestion.The results showed that the average Fe contents of these 37 kinds of feedstuffs ranged from 21.3 to2 472.0 mg/kg,and the distribution rule of average Fe contents in feedstuffs was as follows:mineral feeds(1 178 mg/kg)>animal protein feeds(1 030 mg/kg)>pasture feeds(433 mg/kg)>straw feeds(403 mg/kg)>cereal seed by-products(260 mg/kg)>plant protein feeds(181 mg/kg)>cereal seed feeds(71.2 mg/kg).The Fe contents of the same feedstuff from different provinces(autonomous regions)had significant differences(P<0.05)compared with the Fe contents of corn,wheat and soybean meal between different provinces(autonomous regions).Calculated Fe contents from 142 feed formulations commonly used by pigs and chicks of our country ranged from 70.6 to 86.1 mg/kg.According to Fe requirements of livestock and poultry from feeding standards of China(2004)and NRC(1994),the total Fe contents in the basal diets could meet about 4/5 of the Fe nutrition requirements of pigs and chicks in the early stage and meet the Fe nutrition requirements of pigs and chicks in the later stage.However,the bioavailability of Fe in different feed ingredients had not be considered in above evaluation.In conclusion,the content of Fe in feedstuffs vary greatly in different kinds and regions.The total Fe content in the basal diets can provide most of the Fe nutrient requirements of pigs and chicks in the whole growth period all over the country.Therefore,in the actual production,the total Fe content and its bioavailability of basal die

关 键 词：饲料原料 铁含量 鸡 猪 

分 类 号：S816[农业科学—饲料科学]