嫦娥四号着陆器月夜热电联供系统设计与验证  

Design and Verification of Heat and Electricity Cogeneration System in Moon Night of Chang’e-4 Lander

作　　者：宋馨[1] 陈向东[1] 雷英俊[1] 王录[1] 柏江[1] 李海飞[1] 张丽丽[2] 王珊 SONG Xin;CHEN Xiangdong;LEI Yingjun;WANG Lu;BAI Jiang;LI Haifei;ZHANG Lili;WANG Shan(Beijing Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering,Beijing 100094,China;Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering,Beijing 100094,China)

机构地区：[1]北京空间飞行器总体设计部,北京100094 [2]北京卫星环境工程研究所,北京100094

出　　处：《航天器工程》2019年第4期65-69,共5页Spacecraft Engineering

基　　金：国家重大科技专项工程

摘　　要：为了实现嫦娥四号着陆器在月球表面长期生存并完成月夜阶段温度采集任务,研制了一套高效的月夜热电联供系统.该系统主要由同位素温差电池(RTG)和两相流体回路组成.RTG发电废热在其端面集中排散,两相流体回路通过平板式蒸发器与RTG安装连接,收集热量传输到舱内.通过地面试验对系统功能进行了初步验证,试验中两相流体回路启动、断开正常,运行稳定.在轨飞行结果表明,该系统工作正常,实现了93%以上同位素核热源的热量用于温差发电器产生电能,并且收集了67%的发电废热用于舱内平台设备控温.Chang'e-4 lander needs to survive on the lunar surface for a long time and complete the temperature acquisition task at the lunar night stage.To achieve this goal,a high-efficiency heat and electricity cogeneration system is developed which is mainly composed of RTG(radioisotope thermoelectricity generator)and two-phase fluid loop.The waste heat of RTG is centralized and dispersed at its end.The two-phase fluid loop is installed with RTG through plate evaporator,which collects waste heat and transmits into the cabin.The function of the system is preliminarily validated by ground experiment,and the start-up and disconnection of the two-phase fluid are correct and the state is stable.The results of on-orbit flight show that more than 93%of heat from isotope heat sources is used to generate electricity,and 67%of the waste heat from electricity generation is collected for controlling platform equipment temperature in cabin.

关 键 词：嫦娥四号着陆器 热电联供系统 同位素温差电池 两相流体回路 

分 类 号：V476[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]