我国养老服务政策行为者行动特征及其协同治理挑战——基于政策网络视角的文本量化分析  

Action Characteristics and Cooperative Governance Challenges of the Policy Actors of China’s Endowment Service——Quantitative Analysis of Text from the Perspective of Policy Network

作　　者：付舒[1] FU Shu(Institute for Sociology and Social Policy,Guangzhou Academy of Social Science,Guangzhou 510400,China)

机构地区：[1]广州市社会科学院社会学与社会政策研究所

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第4期75-84,共10页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“社会力量参与养老服务供给的路径与机制研究”(18CSH065);2018年广东省教育厅重点平台和科研项目“社会嵌入视角下社区居家养老服务供给模式优化策略研究”(2018WQNCX254);吉林大学珠海学院社会保障重点学科建设项目(2016XJCQXK01);广州市博士后国际培养计划

摘　　要：将我国养老服务政策放置于特定的政策网络之中分析,有助于厘清政策网络行为者的行动特征,通过对25年来由两部委及两部委以上联合行文的62份政策文件采用社会网络分析法进行量化研究后发现,我国养老服务政策网络发展呈现出“封闭-半开放-开放”的演进脉络,且合作紧密度呈现“松散—趋紧—紧密”的演进态势。目前,我国养老服务政策网络行动者形成了“核心—半边缘—边缘”的基本格局,民政部、国家卫生计生委、全国老龄委、财政部、发展改革委处于政策网络核心位置,五部委之间不仅合作密度较大,而且发挥着关键的信息中介作用。在政策网络合作日趋复杂的背景下,需要关注多元政策行动者协同治理面临的挑战,包括政策议题复杂化所带来的可持续性回应挑战、政策网络开放化所带来的合作成本上升挑战以及政策资源依赖趋强所带来的合作结构优化挑战。对此,突破养老服务政策行动者对传统治理路径的依赖,提升养老服务政策网络行为者的互动协作水平并建立协作机制,逐步建立起适应政策情境的养老服务政策网络是我国养老服务政策体系优化完善的重点。The analysis of China’s endowment service policy in a specific network is helpful to clarify the actors’behavior characteristics.In this paper,social network is used to analyze 62 policy documents published by more than two ministries.The findings show that our country’s endowment service policy network can be illustrated as a“closed-half open-open”progression,the degree of policy network cooperate closely is presented as a“loose-tightening-tight”evolution trend.And the policy network actors basically form as the“core-half edge-edge”network pattern.The Ministry of Civil Affairs,the National Health and Family Planning Commission,the National Aging Commission,the Ministry of Finance and the Development and Reform Commission are at the center of the policy.Not only the cooperation among the five ministries is enormous,but also they play a core role in information exchange.In the context of increasingly complex policy network cooperation,it is necessary to pay attention to the challenges faced by the cooperative governance of multiple policy actors,including the challenges of responsive governance arising from the complexity of policy issues,the challenges of cost governance arising from the open policy network,and the cross-sector governance challenges arising from the increasing reliance on policy resources.In this regard,it is the key to optimize and improve China’s endowment service policy to break through the dependence on the traditional governance path,improve the interaction and cooperation level of the actor network and establish the policies by which they cooperate,and gradually establish the endowment service policy network adapted to the policy situation.

关 键 词：养老服务政策 政策行为者 协同治理 

分 类 号：D669.6[政治法律—政治学]