从人的自由到女性的自由:反乌托邦小说的跨时空对话  

Freedom of Mankind to “Women”:The Dialogue of Dystopian Fictions across Time and Space

作　　者：王苇[1] 杨莉馨[2] WANG Wei;YANG Li-xin(School of Foreign Languages and Cultures,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,Jiangsu Province,China;School of Literature,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,Jiangsu Province,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学外国语学院,江苏南京210097 [2]南京师范大学文学院,江苏南京210097

出　　处：《妇女研究论丛》2019年第4期99-106,128,共9页Journal of Chinese Women＇s Studies

摘　　要：20世纪下半叶以来,随着女性主义的兴起与女性小说家的介入,反乌托邦文学中延续数个世纪的男性中心主义和女性失语局面开始得到扭转。玛格丽特·阿特伍德的《使女的故事》正是对西方反乌托邦文学传统中女性意识缺失进行强力矫正的典型例证。该小说既以对极权乌托邦的深刻揭露,继承与发展了乔治·奥威尔《一九八四》所代表的政治讽喻传统,又通过重点揭示极权主义对女性的压迫,将反乌托邦文学的主题从人性的自由进一步拓展为女性的自由,以跨越时空的对话性表达了对女性生存的特别关注。文章由这一女性主义改写出发,探讨了性别立场的引入为反乌托邦文学这一文类带来的新变化。From the latter half of the 20 thCentury,a transform of the long-existing male chauvinism and female aphasia in the anti-utopian literature has emerged,owning to the rise of contemporary feminism and the involvement of women novelists. Margaret Atwood's The Handmaid's Tale could be considered a convincing example of the reform of western dystopian literary tradition lacking female consciousness. On the one hand,this novel inherits the political allegorical tradition represented by Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four with pointedly display of the totalitarian Utopia. On the other hand,through the intensive demonstration of totalitarian oppression of women,an extension of anti-utopian literature's theme has been made from the freedom of mankind to a specific group: women,thus revealing author's special concern on women's living via this intertextuality. This paper explores the changes her distinct female standpoint as a new perspective could bring to anti-utopian literature based on this feminist rewrite.

关 键 词：反乌托邦文学 奥威尔 阿特伍德 一九八四 使女的故事 

分 类 号：I106.4[文学—世界文学]